‹ Doctrinal Changes
Teaching 1898–1984

Christmas

Also known as Christmas celebration · Christmas observance · Observance of Christmas · Christmas Day · Celebration of Christ's Birth · Christmas holiday

In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower already identified Christmas as a pagan holiday that had been given a Christian name. In 1883, it suggested that December 25 may have replaced an earlier pagan festival, while in 1888 it offered another explanation connecting the date with the annunciation to Mary. Despite recognizing these problems, the publications in 1898 explicitly accepted Christmas as a voluntary commemoration of Jesus' birth. In 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1906, Christmas celebrations and gift-giving were encouraged. In 1908, December 25 was even described as potentially more appropriate for celebration than the day of Jesus' death because of its supposed connection with his conception. The favorable attitude continued through 1915 and into Rutherford's presidency. Publications from 1920 to 1924 still encouraged Christmas generosity and gifts, although they increasingly criticized pagan customs, commercialism, and religious imagery. The Watch Tower organization continued celebrating Christmas through 1926. In 1927, the earlier acceptance was reversed, and dedicated Christians were urged to abandon the celebration. In 1928 and 1929, further explanations connected Christmas with pagan religion and argued that it distracted attention from Christ's ransom sacrifice. Publications from 1935 to 1939 continued condemning the holiday, associating its traditions with Satan and Nimrod. From 1942 onward, the prohibition remained unchanged, but practical distinctions were developed. In 1951, certain secular employment questions were left to individual conscience. In 1959, accepting unsolicited Christmas gifts was allowed without participating in the holiday. In 1960, some holiday-themed school assignments were permitted as educational exercises, and in 1965 employer bonuses were expressly allowed. In 1967 and 1979, family visits or meals on a holiday were distinguished from participation in its observance. In 1983 and 1984, guidance concerning school activities became more restrictive than the 1960 allowance. In 1993, the publications explicitly acknowledged the earlier celebration of Christmas and its discontinuation after 1926. In 2001, guidance for Christians with unbelieving spouses was further explained. Publications from 2005 through 2021 continued rejecting Christmas while retaining the distinction between participating in a holiday and accepting gifts or engaging in ordinary activities not constituting holiday observance.

  • Luke 2:8-11
  • Luke 22:19, 20
  • 1 Cor. 4:6
  • 1 Cor. 10:20-22
  • 1 Cor. 10:31
  • 1 Cor. 11:23-26
  • 2 Cor. 6:14-18
  • Deut. 12:29-32
  • John 4:23, 24
  • Eph. 5:10
  • Mark 7:7-9
  • Rom. 14:5, 6
6readings
13quotes
6changes

Russell

Charles Taze Russell · 1877–1916

1 reading
  1. 1898–1907 Broadened

    Christmas was explicitly accepted as a voluntary commemoration of Jesus' birth. The publications stated that although December 25 was not the actual birthday of Jesus and the Scriptures did not command the observance, Christians could join the general celebration and exchange gifts. Christmas presents, including Bible literature and subscriptions, were encouraged.

    6 quotes
    "CHRISTMAS Day," in celebration of our dear Redeemer's birth, has for long centuries been celebrated on December 25th; and altho it is now well known that this date is in error, and that it more properly corresponds with the date of the annunciation to Mary, nine months before our Lord was born, and that he was born about October 1st,--nevertheless, since the Lord has given no instructions whatever upon this subject, and since it is proper to do good deeds and think good thoughts upon any day, it cannot be improper, in harmony with general usage, for us to remember in a social way our dear Redeemer's birth at this time.
    Zion's Watch Tower, December 15, 1898
    CHRISTMAS (or Christ's festival) by general usage is celebrated on December 25th; and since its commemoration is not enjoined in the Scriptures, but is merely a voluntary commemoration of a great fact rather than of a particular date, we do well to celebrate it decorously at the usual time;-- notwithstanding the fact that we disagree with the date, and hold, according to the evidences, that our Lord was born about October 1st, and that December 25th, nine months previous, was probably the date of the annunciation.*--`Luke 1:30,31`.
    Zion's Watch Tower, December 1, 1902
    The habit of giving little remembrances one to another at this time of year seems to us specially appropriate.
    Zion's Watch Tower, December 15, 1903
    We may as well join with the civilized world in celebrating the grand event on the day which the majority celebrate—“Christmas day.”
    Zion's Watch Tower, December 1, 1904
    Since, then, the majority of Christian people have become habituated to the celebration of December 25th as our Lord's birthday, we need make no protest, but join with all in celebrating that day with rejoicing of heart, giving gifts and remembrances one to another, thus copying divine favor, which gave to mankind the Son of God as a gift of mercy and love for our redemption.
    Zion's Watch Tower, January 1, 1906
    We suggest to all residing in the favored territory that such subscriptions, costing them but 60 cents each, would be excellent Christmas gifts, which might accomplish much for the Truth.
    Zion's Watch Tower, December 15, 1907

Rutherford

Joseph F. Rutherford · 1917–1942

2 readings
  1. 1924 Narrowed

    Certain Christmas customs, especially religious imagery depicting the wise men, were condemned as satanic, while Christmas gift-giving continued to be recommended. The criticism therefore applied to particular traditions without yet eliminating the overall practice of Christmas gifts.

    2 quotes
    Satan has induced the clergy throughout the age to magnify these wise men in the eyes of the people and to have Christmas cards printed with their pictures on them, and has caused people to worship lights and stars and the images of the wise men.
    The Watch Tower, December 15, 1924
    An exchange of presents that would speak of your regard would be a gift that would seem of itself to hold the spirit of esteem.
    The Golden Age, December 17, 1924
  2. 1927 Reversal

    The previous acceptance of Christmas was rejected. The celebration was described as a Roman Catholic observance associated with pagan religion, and dedicated Christians were urged to abandon it rather than continue participating.

    1 quote
    We see now that Christ had nothing at all to do with the institution of “Christmas”; and the question arises, Shall we continue to observe a Roman Catholic holiday and bow the knee to Rome?
    The Golden Age, December 14, 1927

Knorr

Nathan H. Knorr · 1942–1977

2 readings
  1. 1959 Broadened

    Accepting an unsolicited Christmas gift was considered permissible if the recipient did not take part in the celebration. Recipients were advised to express appreciation without referring to the holiday or reciprocating as part of Christmas observance.

    1 quote
    Rather than refuse or return them, it would be better merely to express appreciation by word of mouth or letter or card; and, while wholly ignoring any reference to the holiday season, we could use the occasion to make some reference to our New World hope.
    The Watchtower, December 1, 1959
  2. 1960 Broadened

    Children of Witness parents were permitted to complete certain school assignments involving holiday-related drawings or coloring when these were treated solely as educational activities rather than participation in a religious celebration.

    1 quote
    So, since it is a matter of skill and a classroom assignment, the child of dedicated parents may fulfill such an assignment.
    The Watchtower, November 15, 1960

Franz

Frederick W. Franz · 1977–1992

1 reading
  1. 1983–1984 Narrowed

    Guidance concerning school holiday activities became more restrictive than the 1960 permission for certain educational drawings. Children were instructed not to participate in activities connected with holiday observance, including drawing pictures, singing, playing music, attending parties, or completing holiday-oriented classwork.

    2 quotes
    However, Jehovah’s Witnesses for conscientious reasons do not take any part in these holiday activities​—whether it be singing, playing music, acting in plays, marching in parades, drawing pictures, attending parties, eating and drinking, and so forth.
    School and Jehovah's Witnesses, 1983
    But they feel it is incompatible with the family’s deep-seated religious convictions for their children to engage in classwork based on holidays that they do not celebrate.
    The Watchtower, November 15, 1984