The Watchtower, August 15, 1952
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"YOU ARE MY WITNESSES," SAYS JEHOVAH.—Isa. 43:12
The WATCHTOWER
Announcing
JEHOVAH'S
KINGDOM
AUGUST 15, 1952
Semimonthly
GOD'S SPIRIT ESSENTIAL
TO MATURITY
A MATURE VIEW OF DEDICATION
APPRECIATING GOD'S GIFTS
THE GIFT OF SINGLENESS
IN THE IMAGE AND LIKENESS OF GOD
©WTB&TS
"YOU ARE MY WITNESSES," SAYS JEHOVAH.—Isa. 43:12 THE PURPOSE OF "THE WATCHTOWER"
Literal towers in Bible times were elevated vantage points from which watchmen could observe happenings, warn of danger, or announce good news. Our magazine figuratively occupies such a vantage point, for it is founded on the very pinnacle of wisdom, God's Word. That elevates it above racial, national and political propagandas and prejudices, frees it from selfish bias. It is not bound by any traditional creed, but its message advances as the light on God's purposes and works increases.—Habakkuk 2:1-3.
It sees things Scripturally. When it observes this generation afflicted with greed, delinquency, hypocrisy, atheism, war, famine, pestilence, perplexity and fear, and persecution of unpopular minorities, it does not parrot the old fable about history repeating itself. Informed by Bible prophecy, it sees in these things the sign of the world's time of the end. But with bright hope it also sees opening up for us just beyond these woes the portals of a new world.
Thus viewed, "The Watchtower" stands as a watchman atop a tower, alert to what is going on, awake to note signs of danger, faithful to point out the way of escape. It announces Jehovah's kingdom established by Christ's enthronement in heaven, feeds his kingdom joint-heirs with spiritual food, cheers men of good will with glorious prospects of eternal life in a paradise earth, comforts us with the resurrection promise for the dead.
It is not dogmatic, but has a confident ring in its voice, because it is based on God's Word. It does not privately interpret prophecy, but calls attention to physical facts, sets them alongside prophecy, and you see for yourself how well the two match, how accurately Jehovah interprets his own prophecy. In the interests of our salvation, it keeps sharp and faithful focus on Bible truth, and views religious news generally.
'Be watchful in these perilous times,' God admonishes. So keep on the watch by regularly reading "The Watchtower".
PUBLISHED BY THE WATCH TOWER BIBLE & TRACT SOCIETY
117 Adams Street
Brooklyn 1, N. Y., U. S. A.
N. H. KNORR, President
GRANT SUITER, Secretary
"They will all be taught by Jehovah."—John 6:45, NW; Isaiah 54:13
CONTENTS
The Defense That Wins
Appreciating God's Gifts
The Gift of Singleness
In the Image and Likeness of God
Christians Suffer Violence in the Philippines
Luke, the Beloved Physician
God's Spirit Essential to Maturity
A Mature View of Dedication
‘Ethiopia Stretches Forth Her Hands’
Questions from Readers
Announcements
AS - American Standard Version
LXX - The Septuagint Version
AT - An American Translation
Mo - James Moffatt's version
Da - J. N. Darby's version
NW - New World Trans. (2nd Ed.)
Dy - Catholic Douay version
Ro - J. B. Rotherham's version
ED - The Emphatic Dinglott
RS - Revised Standard Version
Le - Isaac Leeser's version
Yg - Robert Young's version
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THE DEFENSE THAT WINS
ANCIENT Egypt stockpiled horses and chariots, the most effective war implements of her time. Military prowess raised her to become history's first great world power, caused Egypt to so bristle with might that an arrogant Pharaoh treated with scorn the very interests of the Creator and his chosen people then in Egyptian bondage: "Who is Jehovah, that I should hearken unto his voice to let Israel go? I know not Jehovah, and moreover I will not let Israel go." (Ex. 5:2, AS) But the Pharaoh and all Egypt learned who Jehovah is at the cost of the flower of their troops and their ruler in the Red sea.—Ex. 14:15-31.
Assyria succeeded Egypt as a harsh, merciless and bloody conqueror. Her military steam roller flattened all opposition until the particularly aggressive King Sennacherib hurled it against the covenant people of God, by then well established in their promised land. In one night Jehovah's angel wiped out 185,000 of the heart of Assyrian pride, scattering the broken remnants of the army in disorderly retreat. Isaiah chapters 36, 37.
Later on, mighty Babylon gained the unparalleled title, "mistress of kingdoms." Her capital city was surrounded by walls 344 feet high and 86 feet wide, an inner wall, moat and 25 bronze gates on each side. Absolutely impregnable it was called! Yet in the dark of night while the infamous Belshazzar was blasphemously toasting demon gods with utensils stolen from Jehovah's temple of worship, the drunken city was surprised and sacked by the Medes and Persians.—Daniel chapter 5.
Successively these powers with their satellites dominated human affairs, backing their authority with swollen military forces. The sword held sway, but never did prove a deterrent to armed conflict. That rule has proved true to this very day. Now, despite the appellation "brain age", the nations still insist on resorting to brawn to settle differences, and nothing has changed except the dimensions of the wars, which have grown much larger.
Christ Jesus warned of the ill consequences accruing from reliance on carnal weapons. He certainly was acquainted with the disastrous histories of Egypt, Assyria, Babylon and other like empires. He doubtless saw in Rome another nation headed for the same fate. At any rate, he once counseled a too-anxious disciple of his: "Return your sword to its place, for all those who take the sword will perish by the sword."—Matt. 26:52, NW.
His followers, Jesus insisted, should instruct with the Word of God, not invade with tanks, armies and artillery. They must make disciples of "all kinds of men", not assuming to themselves the role of judges and executioners of God's vengeance. Jesus himself, who is certainly no pacifist, has already been named to lead Jehovah's executional forces at Armageddon. In the meantime blessed preaching, sounding the warning, is the lot of his earthly followers, a course sometimes made difficult by persecutions and groundless hatred from opposers.
So he tells us: "Continue to love your enemies and to pray for those persecuting you; that you may prove yourselves sons of your Father who is in the heavens, since he makes his sun rise upon wicked people and good and makes it rain upon righteous people and unrighteous."—Matt. 24:14; 28:19; 1 Tim. 2:4; Matt. 5:44, 45, NW.
Despite the present greatest arms race in history, some thinking men of highcaliber intelligence in prominent stations have flatly expressed their small regard for it as a sound defense of the peace. In 1949 John Foster Dulles called this course "dangerous"; and in contrast with economic and military power which "can be developed under the spur of laws and appropriations", he said, "moral power does not derive from any act of Congress. It depends on the relations of a people to their God."
In an editorial appearing in U.S. News & World Report of May 26, 1950, David Lawrence, the editor, deplored the defeatist notion that there is "no way out except threat and counter-threat—and that war can be prevented only by scaring the Russians into believing they will be beaten in war". He asked pointedly: "Why must the philosophy which Jesus taught be brushed aside as 'impractical' and 'idealistic' in international policy? . . . Is Christianity merely something to which we pay lip service in our churches but which we refuse to accept as a code of behavior in dealing with a so-called enemy? Have we no regard for the challenge that a whole people might be reached by a display of Christian humility and forbearance? Do we dare to try a truly Christian approach to the Russian people? And if we try it, can we
pay the price that it requires in order to achieve the greater objective?"
Jesus worked in the interests of lasting peace in an endless world to come where "righteousness is to dwell". (2 Pet. 3:13, NW) How foolish then to rely on chariots, a cavalry, infantry or massive walls—good for a brief hour of militant splendor, but followed by an eternity of ignominy in lifeless dust. And how could such a new world society hope to maintain peace in surroundings of hate and rivalry? No, the ways of the old world are out. For the new system of things Jesus taught: "You must love Jehovah your God with your whole heart and with your whole soul and with your whole mind.' This is the greatest and first commandment. The second, like it, is this: 'You must love your neighbor as yourself.' On these two commandments the whole Law hangs, and the Prophets." Matt. 22:37-40, NW.
Should we wait for the new world, then, before practicing these principles, and in the meantime blast back at the hatred and violence expressed against Christians now with more of the same, rendering like for like and displaying the benefits of Christianity with a mailed fist and a breathtaking store of atomic weapons? Is this how one proves himself the son of his Father in the heavens? If there is any question regarding the results of such a course, take one look at the sorrowful, fear-struck, "practical" modern world that has tried it. Christians know better. They know that to preach to this world in an effort to help any willing listeners, they do not have to stoop to the low standards it follows nor conform to its miserable image. Instead they practice those things which will survive Armageddon and which identify the new world society: "love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faith, mildness, self-control," all component parts of the defense that wins.—Gal. 5:22, 23, NW.
CALLING attention to Jehovah's goodness the disciple James states: "Every good gift and every perfect present is from above, for it comes down from the Father of the celestial lights." Yes, every blessing of life that we enjoy emanates from our heavenly Father. And he continues to bestow his gifts upon his human creatures even though they take them all for granted and show no appreciation and thankfulness. Their ingratitude does not cause him to become bitter and to withdraw his gifts. He enjoys bestowing his gifts upon mankind, thereby giving them reason to be happy and to know that he is a loving Creator. He himself gives us the best demonstration that "there is more happiness in giving than there is in receiving".—Matt. 5:45; Acts 20:35; 1 Tim. 1:11; Jas. 1:17, NW.
The earth itself is one of God's gifts, and so also is man's life upon earth. While at man's beginning life was an outright gift, God made man's continued enjoyment of that gift dependent upon man's obedience, upon his appreciation of that gift, upon his willingness to co-operate with God in the purpose for which God had given him that gift.—Gen. 1:26-28; 2:7, 17; Ps. 115:16.
Our first parents failed to show appreciation of the gift of life, refused to cooperate with God's purpose, disobeyed, sinned. By reason of that misstep all their offspring lost the gift of life. However, knowing that some of these would show appreciation of his gifts God opened the way for such to get life by means of still another
gift, that of his onlybegotten Son. Through that gift not only life, but eternal life, is made available. "For the wages sin pays is death, but the gift God gives is everlasting life by Christ Jesus our Lord." —Rom. 5:12; 6:23, NW.
—Rom. 5:12; 6:23, NW None of us are in position
to earn God's gifts, least of all to earn the gift of life. But we can show ourselves worthy of the gift of eternal life by demonstrating now, with such gifts as we do have, that we will properly use the gift of eternal life when God gives it to us by Christ Jesus. To that end we must cultivate the friendship of Jehovah and his Son by devoting all our time, energy and means to the matter of making this gift of eternal life our own. That means dedicating ourselves to Jehovah and then proving faithful to that dedication.—Ps. 49:6-9; Matt. 19:21; Luke 16:9,NW.
GIFTS FOR THE MINISTRY
Those who have dedicated themselves to the service of Jehovah come in line for many more gifts, foremost of such being God's energizing force or holy spirit. God first bestowed this gift through Christ Jesus upon 120 of his servants on the day of Pentecost. Thereby he endowed them with special powers, such as speaking in tongues, interpretation, prophesying, ability to teach, healing and managerial ability. All "with a view to the training of the holy ones for ministerial work, for the building up of the body of the Christ".—Acts 2:18; Eph. 4:12; 2 Tim. 1:7, NW.
To establish the Christian congregation in its infancy and to expedite the missionary work the holy spirit thus bestowed gifts miraculously. Having served their purpose these gifts passed away. Today God bestows the gifts of the spirit with due respect to the inborn or innate abilities and uncultivated natural talents Christians may have, as well as according to their zeal and willingness to be used by God.
1 Cor. 13:8.
Of course, not all are given the same gifts today, no more than all the members of the early congregation received the same gifts. (1 Cor. 12:27-31) God, by his holy spirit, bestows his gifts in great variety so that his visible organization, the Christian congregation, may become a broadened, well-balanced and fully rounded out instrument for the accomplishment of his purposes. We should therefore not complain if we see others have gifts and opportunities for service that we do not have. Rather we should endeavor to benefit from those who do have such gifts by using them to improve our own ministry, even as in apostolic times the others did not envy the apostles their special gifts but were glad to accept their help.—1 Cor. 12:4-11; Eph. 4:16, NW.
CULTIVATING THE GIFTS
We all have certain innate abilities, certain uncultivated faculties, and we all have certain opportunities for employing these. The holy spirit which God gives helps and improves these so as to make us more useful, more capable, more productive in the ministry. However, it does not do so apart from our own efforts. Each one must be alert to make the most of his opportunities, must cultivate and train his latent powers to the fullest extent for the advancement of the Kingdom interests on earth and to demonstrate to Jehovah that he is worthy of everlasting life in perfect conditions with still more gifts to be used. "For to this end we are working hard and exerting ourselves, because we have rested our hope on a living God, who is a Savior of all kinds of men, especially of faithful ones."—1 Tim. 4:10, NW.
The cases of Noah and Bezalel and the apostle Paul illustrate how the Lord uses his holy spirit to activate his servants. Noah was not chosen because he was a boat builder, but because he was an upright man and walked with God. Nevertheless, by being obedient to God's instructions and with the help of God's active force, Noah was able to build that great ark or chest, thereby giving a most remarkable exhibition of what the spirit of God can accomplish. We might draw a parallel here to the work of Jehovah's witnesses in modern times. All of them preach the good news of the Kingdom by going from house to house, by standing on the streets and by making return visits upon the people and conducting Bible studies in their homes. And they do this even though they had no previous training in such matters before they became witnesses, but worked as farmers, carpenters, housewives, etc.—Gen. 6:9,14; Zech. 4:6, AS.
On the other hand, it is quite likely that Bezalel, who was used to supervise the fine workmanship in the construction of the tabernacle and its furnishings, had certain natural abilities, training and experience, even as the apostle Paul had training in the law before he became a Christian. Their natural abilities, training and previous experience, together with willingness and God's holy spirit, enabled them to serve in very special capacities. So today, as need arises for servants with special capacities the holy spirit activates those having possibilities or previous experience and who are willing to be used.—Ex. 31:2-6; Acts 22:3.
God has promised to supply us with the needed gifts. If we have real faith in his promise we will not content ourselves with merely wishing or praying for such gifts, but we will energetically lend ourselves to the work at hand, we will purposefully exert ourselves to the full for the sake of the work.
Are we given an appointment or an assignment? Then let us give it our best, whether it requires advance study, special training, practice, rehearsing or other preparation.
So let us show appreciation for the gifts we have by cultivating them earnestly, making use of every means the Lord has provided for our training: his Word, the Watchtower Bible helps, congregational and other assemblies, as well as activity in all features of the Christian ministry. As Paul counseled Timothy: "Continue applying yourself to public reading, to exhortation, to teaching. Do not be neglecting the gift . . . Ponder over these things, be absorbed in them, that your advancement may be manifest to all persons. Pay constant attention to yourself and to your teaching. Stay by these things, for by doing this you will save both yourself and those who listen to you." (1 Tim. 4:13-16, NW) And, above all, thereby we shall be making glad the heart of our great Benefactor, thus showing our appreciation of his gifts.—Prov. 27:11.
The Gift of SINGLENESS
TO MANY persons the idea of speaking of singleness as a gift seems very strange. They are unable to grasp how the denial of what they consider to be among life's keenest pleasures (since with a Christian singleness includes chastity or continence) could possibly be termed a gift. Marriage, they reason, yes, but singleness a gift?
For our terming singleness a gift we have no less authority than the wisest and greatest man that ever lived, the Son of God. On one occasion, in discussing the subject with his disciples, he said: "Not all men make room for the saying, but only those who have the gift. For there are eunuchs that were born such from their mother's womb, and there are eunuchs that were made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs that have made themselves eunuchs because of the kingdom of the heavens. Let him that can make room for it."—Matt. 19:11, 12, NW.
Why did Jesus call singleness a gift? Because it is something that can be cultivated
and used effectively to the advancement of the true worship in the earth and one's own happiness even as other of God's endowments can be. That the state of singleness has decided advantages for the Christian minister is apparent from the words of the apostle Paul: "Indeed, I want you to be free from anxiety. The single man is anxious for the things of the Lord, how he may gain the Lord's approval. But the married man is anxious for the things of the world, how he may gain the approval of his wife, and he is divided. Further, the single woman, and the virgin, is anxious for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in her body and in her spirit. However, the married woman is anxious for the things of the world, how she may gain the approval of her husband. But this I am saying for your personal advantage, not that I may cast a noose upon you, but to move you to that which is becoming and that which means constant attendance upon the Lord without distraction."—1 Cor. 7:32-35, NW. Truly, to be able to serve Jehovah God with undivided mind and heart, to be able to give his work our constant attention without distraction, is a gift, and one that should be highly prized.
Yes, "he also that gives his virginity in marriage does well, but he that does not give it in marriage will do better" because of the larger privileges of service and the corresponding greater happiness.—1 Cor. 7:38, NW.
Note also another argument Paul uses for making room for the gift of singleness in our lives: "Moreover, this I say, brothers, the time left is reduced." (1 Cor. 7:29, NW) Because the time was reduced Jeremiah was commanded not to marry. (Jer. 16:2) Does not this argument have particular force in our day?
Some construe Jesus' words to mean that the gift of singleness is not for everyone, and particularly not for them. Such, however, are trying to read something into Jesus' words, something which he did not say. He showed that not all would make room for it, and that those who made room for this gift of singleness were those who "made themselves eunuchs because of the kingdom of the heavens". The question may be asked of those who seek to make an exception, To what extent are they neglecting to follow Paul's example to browbeat their body and to lead it as a slave? "The heart is treacherous above all things, and desperately sick—who can understand it?" Jer. 17:9, AT;1 Cor. 7:29; 9:26, 27, NW.
How does one make room for the gift of singleness? First of all by making a firm decision in his mind not to yield to any passion but to conserve his full vital powers and his freedom from marriage so as to better serve Jehovah. Such a determination will strengthen his self-control. Then one must make room for this gift just as he makes room in his life for the other gifts
by self-denial, by taking time and energy to cultivate such gifts.
To do this we must absorb ourselves in the Lord's work as did Paul. We may not say 'I wish or would like to have the gift of singleness' and then at the same time weaken the force of our wish or resolve by interesting ourselves in a particular one of the opposite sex and cultivating close intimacy with that one. No, we must go after this thing we want, the gift of singleness, and we must accept all the self-denials and the things required to enjoy it. We must make room for this gift in our future plans.
With the apostle Paul singleness was a practicable thing, and he went after it in a practical way. (1 Cor. 9:5) He was honest with himself and accordingly the gift was given him. In view of his gift so many responsibilities were laid upon him by the Lord that he had no time for considering marriage. He realized that he simply could not measure up to his responsibilities if he had the constant care and attention of a wife. That is why he also stated that if married Christians desired to take part in certain privileges they must to that extent act as if they were not married. Yes, they too must make room in their lives for such gifts as they would cultivate and use to Jehovah's praise and to the blessing of others.—1 Cor. 7:29-31, NW.
But, whether married or single, let us use what gifts we have according to the wisdom God gives us through his Word and through his dealings with us. Let us humbly accept what privileges of service are extended to us, putting to use what ability and fitness we may have, not turning over to others what privileges and opportunities God has given us, which we ourselves may perform with such joy as we never knew before. Let each one show appreciation for the gifts God has given him and thus prove worthy of the great gift of everlasting life.
In the Image and Likeness of God
SAYS Jehovah God's own matchless description of man's creation: "Let us make man in our image after our likeness, and let them have dominion over
the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens and over the tame-beast, and over all the land, and over every creeping thing that creepeth on the land. And God created the man in his own image, in the image of God created he him, male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said to them, Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the bird of the heavens, and over every living thing that moveth on the land." Gen. 1:26-28, Ro.
A Father beyond compare, Jehovah could pass on to his earthly children relative amounts of the great attributes which he possesses in the supreme degree. "A God of faithfulness and without iniquity, just and right is he." Thus a sense of justice would be implanted in man's brain. Able and strong would man be too, for "great is our Lord, and mighty in power". There would be no lack of insight by earth's steward, "for Jehovah giveth wisdom; out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding." And finally, to temper all of these qualities and provide the motive behind his every action, man must have love. This Jehovah was pre-eminently qualified to supply because he is the absolute personification of it. "God is love," wrote the
apostle John.—Deut. 32:4; Ps. 147:5; Prov. 2:6, AS; 1 John 4:16, NW.
However, due to the early entry of sin into human affairs, man's multiplying has
filled the earth generally not with the right use of these faculties but with their wholesale violation. Justice has become a commodity to be purchased on the open market. Soft government jobs at public expense become rewards for campaign favors rendered victorious candidates. Crime probes uncover the revolting fact that highest government echelons, elected to represent the people and administer justice, have, in one community after another, sold out to gangsters, gamblers and hoodlums. With bribes buying everything from athletic contests to court decisions, the Department of Justice of the world's mightiest democracy was embarrassed by having to employ a corruption investigator to investigate itself.
Nor is justice any more reasonable on an international scale. A wave of humanitarianism dictated rapid postwar aid by America for Europe, where urgent defenses against Soviet expansion were being built up. Yet the scales of justice seemed to stick when it came to swinging toward the cries of millions of Asiatics for enough food to avert starvation, where the political stakes did not offer any apparent strong anticommunist ally in return. God's law in Israel stipulated regular provision for the poor, and not on the basis of favors in return, either. (Ex. 23:11) Furthermore, Jehovah tempers his absolute justice with undeserved kindness, something for which modern man has no parallel in his merciless international dealings. Were it not for this mercy none of us would have been born following the rebellion of Adam. But this does not require God to simply overlook this fallen world's travesty on justice, as he shows by the warning to Israel when guilty of the same:
"Listen to this, you judges over the house of Israel, who spurn at justice and twist equity, who build your Sion up with bloodshed and Jerusalem on crime, judges passing verdicts for a bribe, priests pattering oracles for pay, prophets divining for money, and all the while relying on the Eternal, saying, 'Surely the Eternal is among us; no evil can befall us!' Therefore on your account shall Sion be ploughed up like a field, Jerusalem shall become a heap of ruins, the temple-hill merely a wooded height."—Mic. 3:9-12, Mo.
RESULTS TO BODY AND MIND
Human physical strength, once intended to dress and keep the paradisaic Eden, now rips and blasts the earth instead. Forests and topsoil have been laid waste, the rivers clogged, the air polluted with smoke and industrial fumes. Instead of exercising dominion over animalkind, wanton "Nimrods" have shot birds from the sky, left carcasses of beasts behind them in the forests and reduced many life forms to rarity or extinction. The might of the earth is massed behind political blocs which use it to cajole and threaten their adversaries or, this failing, to blow them to atoms. Thus are earth's many valuable natural resources depleted and scientific progress in peace time research negated because needed materials are diverted more and more for war. Global peace organizations, instead of securing the unity they promised, more sorely divide what unity there was, splitting some existing nations into north and south or east and west divisions. Even children, born under such influence, ape their elders and early show off the bully instinct. Truly every man's hand is raised against his neighbor and God's covenant for the sanctity of life is laughed off, this attitude being
excused in the name of patriotism. As Isaiah the prophet put it: "The earth also is polluted under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, violated the statutes, broken the everlasting covenant."—Zech. 14:13; Isa. 24:5, AS.
"The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom," wrote the psalmist. (Ps. 111:10, AS) This world fears everyone and everything except Jehovah—the politician with his authority, the militarist with his weapons, the clergyman with his dire tales of waiting purgatories and hell-fires. The sound wisdom laid down in Eden, teaching the true worship of Jehovah the Almighty, under devil rule was corrupted to heathendom's polytheistic worship of a pantheon of gods and Christendom's confusing sectarianism.
Their minds so enmeshed in the sophistries and traditions of men, their store of Bible knowledge so utterly impoverished, many of Christendom's clergy, in their mortal dread of the scoffer's taunts and unable to answer the simplest criticisms of God's Word, have retreated behind the cloak of "modernism". From there they smugly brand as myths great portions of the Bible, including the accounts of creation, the flood, the tower of Babel and virtually all recorded miracles. More and more are trying to find room for the fairy tale of evolution by which atheists seek to substitute animal ancestors for a Creator. Meanwhile late scientific discoveries such as the reports from the uranium and radiocarbon clocks continue to shred away evolution's untenable position; and A. N. Field, New Zealand journalist, brands modern evolutionary science "the lowest point in intellectual degeneration reached by civilized man in the past two thousand years" (Why Colleges Breed Communists) Embarrassed clergy and your God-defying allies, listen to the challenge of the One you have ignored and betrayed and answer it if you care to:
"I will make the wisdom of the wise men perish, and I will shove the intelligence of the intellectual aside.' Where is the wise man? Where the scribe? Where the debater of this system of things? Did not God make the wisdom of the world foolish? For since, in the wisdom of God, the world through its wisdom did not get
ceited, loveless world this is! How far a cry its present caretakers from the man first formed in the image of God!
All who practice such habits might as well learn now that God will not forsake his righteous standard to reduce himself to their level and conform to theirs. But Jehovah will bring about the sort of world he purposed from the beginning, with willing conformers discharging their God-
to know God, God saw good through the foolishness of what is preached to save those believing."—1 Cor. 1:19-21, NW.
LOVE-LOST AND REGAINED
The last major quality, love, might be termed by evolutionists a "vestigial trait" a part of man's make-up no longer used. As already shown, he does not exercise it toward his God, his fellow man, the lower animals, or his inanimate earthly home. A world under demonic influence has substituted lust and its fruitage of sex madness and riotous drunken debauchery regiven dominion. This Noah's sons prefigured with their wives following the Noachian flood, which Jesus said pictured Armageddon, now near. (Gen. 9:1-3; Matt. 24:38, 39) Then God's appointed King, Christ Jesus, will judge righteously and rule peacefully. Man's physical resources will be utilized in restoring and maintaining an earth-wide paradise, building and inhabiting prosperously. (Ps. 72:1-4; Isa. 65:17-25) Wisdom, stability and unity will result when the worship of the one true God, Jehovah, fills the land. And with love replacing lust and covetousness, think of
flected in the daily news reports. It is the last days of those who do not see that "the scene of this world is changing" and of whom the inspired apostle said: "Their finish is destruction, and their god is their belly, and their glory consists in their shame, and they have their minds upon things on the earth."—1 Cor. 7:31; Phil. 3:19, NW.
In such hands marriage has become a farce, one's home not even safe from the greed of the wife-stealer. With so many marrying for a lark it is small wonder that
the uplift sure to come to human relations. Think what marriage will be like: husbands "loving their wives as their own bodies", the wife holding "deep respect for her husband", children obedient to godly parents, who, not irritating their sons and daughters, "go on bringing them up in the discipline and authoritative advice of Jehovah."—Mic. 4:1-5; Isa. 33:6; 1 Cor. 13; Eph. 5:28-33; 6:1-4, NW.
Knowing this, seeing it near, reading and believing God's Word now, sincere Christians begin at once practicing such proper,
divorces multiply, secured for the most insipient reasons. Children, so often unwanted, go unloved, their neglect adding to the causes for juvenile delinquency in a society that is "disobedient to parents, without gratitude, with no loving-kindness, having no natural affection". (2 Tim. 3:2, 3, NW) What a forlorn, unjust, brow-beating, congodly use of their powers. Since by "the foolishness [to this world] of what is preached" saving to life is taking place, they give their full devotion to that, living now as they preach that all who live at all will live soon in the new world where "righteousness is to dwell".—2 Pet. 3:13, NW. Christians Suffer Violence in the Philippines
AMONG the evidences Jesus gave as marking his second presence and the end of this system of things was that his followers would be hated and killed for his name. (Matt. 24:3,9) A striking example of the fulfillment of this prophecy took place Sunday evening, April 20,1952,as Jehovah's witnesses were at a circuit assembly in Solana,Cagayan, Philippine Islands. One witness was killed and more than 32 were injured by gunfire and stabbings as city officials attacked their gathering.
The trouble started toward the end of the concluding address of the assembly when an attacker, on the complaint that his little boy had been slapped by one of the conventioners, grabbed one of the young attendants and endeavored to drag him out of the private assembly lot. Other attendants interfered and so the attacker pulled out a gun, which the attendants succeeded in forcibly removing from him, but not before he had shot one of the attendants in the shoulder. Bested in a fight, he ran away for help. Shortly thereafter the mobsters gathered and began throwing stones at the assembled witnesses, as well as firing shots wildly. The assembly as a result was thrown in a semipanic with women screaming and trying to take refuge in a big house on the assembly grounds. The shooting continued and the attackers kept moving in closer. One witness escaped through the enclosing cordon and ran to the municipal building for help. There, upon his identifying himself as one of Jehovah's witnesses, he was severely beaten and in endeavoring to escape was shot down in front of the municipal building.
In the meantime the attackers, having exhausted their supply of bullets, drew bayonets and knives. A number of the witnesses escaped through the cordon, but most of them sought shelter in the big house on the grounds, under it or on top of it. The attackers closed in on them, slashing right and left. The chief attendant (usher) was stabbed to death through the heart. Others suffered multiple wounds, one witness of 65 years having five stab wounds. Four of the women witnesses were also wounded.
A Gilead graduate who serves as a circuit servant ran five miles and swam the wide crocodile-infested Cagayan river to summon the aid of the Philippine Constabulary. If it had not been for the timely arrival of these soldiers it is probable that many more of the witnesses would have been killed. These soldiers disarmed the attackers and restored order at once. Using an army truck and a commandered ambulance, they made six trips to the provincial hospital with the more seriously wounded ones. In fact, they did everything they could for the witnesses. The secretary of national defense was interviewed by a spokesman for the witnesses and given personal thanks for the efficient action taken by the Tuguegarao P.C. command in the matter.
Indicative of the fear that the attackers had instilled in the people of this area, the constabulary felt it necessary to supply nine guards to the attorney for the witnesses as he went to Solana to file the charges against the officials responsible for the attack. The constabulary offered to house and feed the key witnesses in their barracks until the trial to avoid their being intimidated. None of them accepted the offer although they thanked the constabulary for it.
At the funeral of the murdered witness his surviving fellow witnesses were exhorted to continue faithful in the service. Their spirits were very confident and not one of them was downhearted or discouraged. Even the wounded in the hospital were rejoicing. The one who went to the municipal authorities for help and who was beaten and shot had to be taken to Manila for treatment of his right leg, fractured by the shot. He was operated on and is recovering splendidly. All others who were wounded are likewise recovering well.
Jehovah's witnesses in the Philippines expressed themselves as thankful to Jehovah that the whole incident was not more costly in lives and suffering. Far from being daunted by it they rejoice that it resulted in a mighty witness being given. Steps are being taken to bring the wrongdoers to justice.
Luke the Beloved Physician
THE Scriptural viewpoint of matters gives no one a reason for boasting as regards his abilities. As the apostle Paul states: "Who makes you to differ from an-
other? Indeed, what do you have that you did not receive? If, now, you did indeed receive it, why do you boast as if you did not receive it?" (1 Cor. 4:7, NW) Nor may we boast in our works as though we had accomplished much or great things, for Jesus correctly observes, "When you have done all the things assigned to you, say, 'We are good-for-nothing slaves. What we have done is what we ought to have done.'" (Luke 17:10, NW) Appreciating these truths will both keep us humble and make us diligent to use all our gifts in the service of Jehovah God.
ist, a painter, and that he painted a picture of the "Virgin Mary". Earliest mention of this tradition, however, is A.D. 980, or more than 900 years after Luke wrote his accounts. In view of his very infrequent references to Mary after Jesus came of age, and which references in the main highlight the fact that she is to be considered no better than any other woman who exercises faith, it takes more than a modicum of credulity to believe that Luke felt impelled to paint a portrait of her.-Luke 8:21; 11:27.28.
From Luke's own writings as well as from what others recorded regarding him it is apparent that he had the right appreciation of these matters. He not only served well as a colaborer with Paul but he wrote about as much of the Christian Greek Scriptures as did Paul, each writing about two-sevenths; his account of Jesus' ministry and the Acts being as long as Paul's fourteen letters. While making such good use of his natural abilities that he was the foremost Christian chronicler, he studiously kept himself in the background.
We do know that Luke was a physician, for Paul refers to him as "Luke the beloved physician". (Col. 4:14, NW) Paul also names Luke among his "fellow workers", in his letter to Philemon. (Verse 24, NW) The only other mention of Luke's name in the Scriptures is also by Paul. In his second letter to Timothy, written A.D. 65, during Paul's second imprisonment and therefore shortly before his death, he writes: "Do your utmost to come to me shortly. For Demas has forsaken me because he loved the present system of things, and he has
WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT LUKE?
In striking contrast with the Scriptures in this matter are the apocryphal writings and oral traditions, both of which are replete with fanciful details, figments of fertile religious imaginations. Illustrative of such is the tradition that Luke was an arttraveled to Thessalonica, Crescens to Galatia, Titus to Dalmatia. Luke alone is with me." (2 Tim. 4:6-11, NW) Thus we have Paul's picture of Luke, a faithful beloved fellow worker.
What little we know about Luke's whereabouts we gather from his Acts, wherein
his use of the plural first person pronoun "we" reveals that he is accompanying Paul on some of his missionary travels.
Thus at Acts 16:10 (NW), after telling of Paul's vision regarding the Macedonian call for help, we read: "Now as soon as he had seen the vision, we sought to go forth into Macedonia, drawing the conclusion that God had summoned us to declare the good news to them." From the context we learn that Luke accompanied Paul to Philippi, on his second missionary tour. He seems to have remained there until a few years later when Paul passed through on his third missionary tour when Luke accompanied him to Caesarea and Jerusalem. Luke also accompanied Paul on his journey to Rome.
From Luke's writings it is apparent that he had a far better education than such "ordinary" men as Peter and John; which is what we would expect of a physician. (Acts 4:13, NW) His vocabulary is twice as large as that of Matthew and Mark. His accounts are better worded, more varied, contain better Greek and come closer to the classical Greek than those of any other Christian Greek Scripture writer.
While some have taken this to mean that Luke was a Greek Gentile, such does not necessarily follow. Luke's able use of Greek can easily be accounted for in view of his being an educated man, a physician; besides he may have been a Hellenist, a Greek-speaking Jew. Some refer to the context of Paul's reference to him in Colossians 4:14, in which Paul speaks of those of the circumcision and then mentions others including Luke. However, such is far from conclusive. What seems to be the most conclusive testimony on the matter is Paul's statement that it was only the Jews who "were entrusted with the sacred pronouncements of God". (Rom. 3:1, 2, NW) If Luke was not a Jew he would be the only exception among all those used by
Jehovah to give us his Word, the Hebrew as well as the Christian Greek Scriptures. Such does not seem reasonable.
LUKE'S GOSPEL AND THE ACTS
Luke's writing does not suggest a non-Jewish background, as he is as skilled in the use of Hebraisms as in Greek expressions. His outlook seems to be a universal one, appealing to both the Jew and the Gentile. He is an outstanding narrator, his accounts being well arranged and chronologically accurate. Of the four accounts of Jesus' earthly ministry his is the most comprehensive. Without a doubt God put it into his heart to make a record of those important events and the holy spirit guided his pen. As he expresses it: "Whereas many have tried their hand at compiling a statement of the facts which are given full credence among us, just as those who from the beginning became eyewitnesses and attendants of the message delivered these to us, I resolved also, because I have traced all things from the start with accuracy, to write them in logical order to you, most excellent Theophilus, that you may know fully the certainty of the things which you have been taught orally."—Luke 1:1-4, NW.
What eloquent testimony to Scriptural authenticity Luke here gives! The facts are vouchsafed by eyewitnesses; he himself has traced all things from the beginning with accuracy and then arranged them logically, thus furnishing a sound basis for faith. Incidentally Luke here indicates the superiority of the written over the oral record.
Quite likely among the written records by which Luke traced everything accurately from the beginning were the inspired accounts by Matthew and Mark. However, we are not to think of Luke as merely copying from these, but rather as making use of them as reference material.
His account has too many variations in detail as well as too many points not covered by others to allow for the position taken by some modern critics that the writings of the three synoptists, Matthew, Mark and Luke, were based on one original account.
It appears that Paul influenced Luke's account of Jesus' ministry almost as much as Peter influenced the account of Mark. The time of writing of Luke's Gospel seems to have been about A.D. 56-58, or shortly before he completed the writing of Acts, A.D. 61.—Acts 1:1-3.
Among the incidents recorded only by Luke, which, together with his record of those also recorded by others, entitle his Gospel to be termed the most comprehensive, are: the details in connection with the conception and birth of John the Baptist; Mary's song of praise and that of the angels; Jesus' presentation at the temple, his circumcision, and his trip to Jerusalem at the age of twelve; the sending out of the seventy evangelists; the experience of the two disciples on the way to Emmaus; also much of Jesus' later Perean and Judean ministries. (Luke 10:1 to 18:14) Luke appreciated the value of dates, he alone giving us tie-ins with secular history: the date of the registration which brought Joseph and Mary to Bethlehem and the year John the Baptist began his ministry. Also he alone tells us how old Jesus was when he began to preach.—Luke 1:1 to 3:23.
Peculiar to Luke are also a number of studies in contrast: the nine ungrateful Jewish lepers versus the grateful Samaritan leper; the good Samaritan versus the priest and Levite; the prayer of the Pharisee versus that of the tax collector; the rich man versus Lazarus; Mary versus Martha; the prodigal son versus the self-righteous older brother; the taunting versus the repentant thief; etc.
Luke, not content with merely giving us the account of the marvelous events of Jesus' ministry, supplemented that with an accurate history of the early Christian congregation in his book of Acts. Therein he tells us of the giving of the holy spirit at Pentecost, how the good news spread to the nations, and how that persecution, far from halting the preaching work, caused it to become more widespread. He gives much valuable information as to how the apostles met the issues of their day, furnishing a guide for us today. Outstanding are his reports of the defenses made by Peter and John, by Stephen, and by Paul before the religious and political authorities. Without the record of the Acts Paul's letters would lose much of their force.
As a young man Luke doubtless viewed the healing art as a way in which he could serve his fellow man and at the same time provide a livelihood for himself. But how limited would have been the good he would have accomplished had he contented himself with that profession! Leaving all behind to become a follower of Christ Jesus and to work with the divine spiritual healing program that God instituted by Christ Jesus, what greater privileges were his! Not only did he have the privilege of being a beloved fellow worker of one of the greatest Christian missionaries of all time, the apostle Paul, but he also had the privilege of being the foremost chronicler of the most notable events ever to occur on this earth.
Luke set a good example for all Christians to follow. Let all who have dedicated themselves to Jehovah God through Christ Jesus likewise seek first the Kingdom and make the best possible use of their natural qualifications to the honor of Jehovah's name and to the advancement of true worship in the earth.
God's Spirit Essential to Maturity
WORSHIP of Jehovah is a vital necessity for all who would enjoy Jehovah's favor and gain endless life in his kingdom. Now, at the same time that his devoted people are obeying the command, "Say among the
"How much more so will the Father in heaven give holy spirit to those asking him!" "Keep on asking God, for he gives generously to all and without reproaching." —Luke 11:13;
Jas. 1:5, NW.
nations, Jehovah reigneth," they are also responding to the appeal, "Oh worship Jehovah in holy array." (Ps. 96:9,10,AS) Indeed, worship will be the Kingdom rule and test, for "it shall come to pass, that every one . . . shall go up from year to year to worship the King, Jehovah of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles. And it shall be, that whoso of all the families of the earth goeth not up unto Jerusalem to worship the King, Jehovah of hosts, upon them there shall be no rain". (Zech. 14:16,17,AS) Jesus likewise stressed the importance of worship as a primary requirement, embodied in the law given to Israel, when he rebutted Satan's temptation: "Go away, Satan! For it is written, 'It is Jehovah your God you must worship, and it is to him alone you must render sacred service.'"—Matt. 4:10,NW.
worship." He replied that, on the point at issue as expressed by her, the Jews had the advantage, for "we worship what we know, because salvation originates with the Jews", but "you worship what you do not know". But
2 The Jews thought their form of worship entirely satisfactory, claiming it was in accord with God's original direction. But Jesus stated otherwise when the Samaritan woman at the well raised the question by saying: "Our forefathers worshiped in this mountain; but you people say that in Jerusalem is the place where persons ought to
though the Jews enjoyed a better understanding than the Samaritans as to God's requirements respecting worship, Jesus then went on to give a much deeper and altogether different aspect concerning worship. He said: "The hour is coming, and it is now, when the genuine worshipers will worship the Father with spirit and truth, for, indeed, the Father is looking for such kind to worship him." What a contrast with any previous conception! In their form of worship the Jews were principally concerned with the outward things of time and place and manner of observance; but now Jesus was saying that genuine worship went deeper than the things which are seen, and it must be "with spirit and truth"; which means not only clean, but mature, worship.—John 4:20-24, NW.
Surely it is highly important to understand as clearly as possible the full significance of worshiping by means of that which is unseen to the outward eye, namely, "with spirit and truth"! Important for two reasons: First, because "the things seen are temporary, but the things unseen are everlasting". (2 Cor. 4:18, NW) Secondly, because things unseen are not so easily understood and appreciated as things that are
Is there Scriptural evidence showing that worship of Jehovah is a primary requirement?
Did Jesus hold to a different conception of worship compared with that of the Jews, and in what particular respect?
What three reasons can be given to show the importance of understanding the significance of worshiping "with spirit and truth"?
seen. And, from another angle, we might add a third potent reason; for if we are lacking in wisdom and understanding we are going to be unsteady in our ways, as James argues at James 1:5-8. We are also going to be in grave danger of being deceived on this vital question of genuine, acceptable worship of the true and living God, for, "when you did not know God, then it was that you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods." (Gal. 4:8, NW) So, then, being faced with the important part played by God's spirit, both in the matter of worship and in gaining a mature understanding, let us first examine the question, Scripturally, as to why God's spirit is essential to gain maturity in understanding.
IN UNDERSTANDING
All spirit and understanding originate with Jehovah, "out of whom all things are." There is no measure to either spirit or understanding as far as he is concerned. "Great is our Lord, and mighty in power; his understanding is infinite." And while quoting this fifth verse of Psalm 147 (AS), it will pay us to look briefly at the context of this prophetic Psalm as having direct bearing on this subject. It commences with a call to praise Jehovah, which is "comely" because praise is an expression of worship. Then verses 2 and 3 show it has its fulfillment in this our day when Jehovah is building up his kingdom organization (Jerusalem) and gathering in both the remnant of the "little flock" and all his "other sheep" to become "one flock", and graciously healing them completely from their previous sick spiritual condition. Later, verses 10 and 11 make the contrast between two kinds of men: the man of the world in whom Jehovah takes no pleasure, but who trusts in his own strength and understanding,
symbolized by the horse and its rider, and the man who fears Jehovah and realizes his utter dependence on his loving-kindness. Then comes a stirring description of the wealth of blessing and provision made for the 'children of Zion', who find refuge in his organization and in whom he takes great pleasure as they render acceptable praise and worship. They are 'filled with the finest of the wheat', that is, spiritual food and understanding of the highest excellence. In fact, to them only does Jehovah reveal and 'show his word' and its hidden meaning. Truly, he "hath not dealt so with any [other] nation". (Ps. 147:20) Thus this Psalm reveals the essential heart attitude in order to gain understanding by God's spirit. It also reveals the one and only channel by which the spirit and understanding are given, that is, the Lord's organization, "Zion," under the headship of Christ Jesus, "through whom all things are."—1 Cor. 8:6, NW.
We come now to our main passage of Scripture showing why God's spirit is essential to understanding. The apostle Paul explains in 1 Corinthians 2:6-10 (NW) that the treasures of God's wisdom, expressed in his eternal purpose, are wrapped in a "sacred secret", "hidden wisdom," which "not one of the rulers of this system of things came to know" or understand. In fact, these treasures are hidden so securely that it is quite impossible for man by his own wisdom to "conceive" these things. Then Paul explains why: "For it is to us God has revealed them through his spirit, for the spirit searches into all things, even the deep things of God." Ah yes! The riches of God's wisdom and knowledge go down deep. (Rom. 11:33) Two things are indispensable if we are to gain an understanding and appreciation: First, God must give a revelation, and,
(a) Does Psalm 147 show that its fulfillment is in our day? (b) How does it stress the essential heart attitude to gain maturity of understanding?
How does 1 Corinthians 2:6-10 show that God's spirit is essential to gain understanding, involving what two indispensable things?
secondly, we must be in touch and in harmony with the channel of his spirit, which conveys and opens up the revelation given by God to his people. We of ourselves cannot search into the deep things of God; it is only God's spirit that can do that. Here we note three proofs of the apostle's statement.
(1) We remember that the deep truth as to the real identity of the Son of man when on earth was understood only by a special revelation made by God to Peter. It was not understood through any wisdom inhering in "flesh and blood". (Matt. 16:17, NW) (2) In Ephesians 3:5-9 (NW) Paul explains how the sacred secret, "which has from past eternity been concealed in God," has now 'been revealed by spirit'. Then at the close of that chapter (vv. 18-21), in glowing and lofty phrase, Paul portrays the glorious prospect to be enjoyed by the true congregation when reaching maturity while still on earth, to have such fullness of understanding so as to be "thoroughly able to grasp mentally ... the breadth and length and height and depth and to know the love of the Christ which surpasses knowledge". Paul concludes with an expression of worship "to the one who can, according to his power which is operating in us, do more than superabundantly beyond all the things we ask or conceive". God's spirit is indeed essential for such undreamed-of riches of mature understanding! (3) For final confirmation, note what Peter says about the early prophets, and even the angels, as not being able to understand certain aspects of God's purpose, even after "diligent inquiry and a careful search". But such things have now been revealed by the spirit and have been announced "through those [the apostles, part of God's channel] who have declared the good news to you with holy
spirit sent forth from heaven".—1 Pet. 1:10-12, NW.
Returning to 1 Corinthians, second chapter, now notice that Paul evidently realized his statement at verse 10 would not be readily grasped. So he continues at some length in verses 11 to 16 to explain how the spirit reaches into the deep things of God, and the part we play therein. Thus he guards against any wrongful conclusion that, since it is only God's spirit that can successfully search, therefore all we can do is to ask and wait for a direct revelation from God to enlighten us as to his purpose and his will for us; which, in fact, is what many religious folk do.
Paul invites us to consider man in order to aid us in realizing just what is meant by God's "spirit", and how it operates and searches. Very well, then, let us consider man, originally made in God's likeness. Man has a body which he can exercise and put to work to do things. Such visible activity we describe as physical energy. But man also has a mind which he can exercise and put to work. He can reason and think deeply, and entertain strong desires and attachments, and he can come to decisions and determine on a certain course of action governed by some principle or policy. It is this invisible active mental force that we call "spirit". If a man shows he has arrived at very definite conclusions and decisions, we say he is "strong-spirited"; or if his general course is governed by evil thoughts and motives, we say such person has a "bad spirit".
9 Think of the amazing influence for good or evil made possible by the exercise of a man's spirit, or mental force, especially if harnessed to some suitable agency, such as an organization of some kind. What a powerful influence is exercised by the
Concerning God's spirit's being required to understand the "deep things", how is this illustrated at (a) Matthew 16:17, (b) Ephesians 3:5-9, and (c) 1 Peter 1:10-12?
What is the purpose of Paul's remarks at 1 Corinthians 2:11-16?
9. (a) What is meant by "spirit" as related to man? (b) To what extent and along what lines can man's spirit operate?
strong, ruthless spirit of a dictator at the head of a totalitarian organization, dominating the spirit of perhaps millions of people and controlling their lives! Again, how pointed the apostle's question at verse eleven!—"Who among men knows the things of a man except the spirit of man that is in him?" (NW) Who, for instance, can follow the arguments and working of a lawyer's mind as his spirit grapples with the technical niceties of the law? Only another lawyer.
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