The Watchtower, September 1, 1955
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WATCHTOWER Announcing JEHOVAH'S
SEPTEMBER 1,1955 Semimonthly
WHAT DO THE SCRIPTURES SAY ABOUT "SURVIVAL AFTER DEATH"?
ANIMAL WORSHIP—ANCIENT AND MODERN
OPTIMISTIC IN THE FACE OF DISASTER
Announcing JEHOVAH'S KINGDOM
QUESTIONS FROM READERS
© WTB&TS
"YOU ARE MY WITNESSES," SAYS JEHOVAH.—Isa. 43:12 THE PURPOSE OF "THE WATCHTOWER"
Literal towers in Bible times were elevated vantage points from which watchmen could observe happenings, warn of danger, or announce good news. Our magazine figuratively occupies such a vantage point, for it is founded on the very pinnacle of wisdom, God's Word. That elevates it above racial, national and political propagandas and prejudices, frees it from selfish bias. It is not bound by any traditional creed, but its message advances as the light on God's purposes and works increases.—Habakkuk 2:1-3.
It sees things Scripturally. When it observes this generation afflicted with greed, delinquency, hypocrisy, atheism, war, famine, pestilence, perplexity and fear, and persecution of unpopular minorities, it does not parrot the old fable about history repeating itself. Informed by Bible prophecy, it sees in these things the sign of the world's time of the end. But with bright hope it also sees opening up for us just beyond these woes the portals of a new world.
Thus viewed, "The Watchtower" stands as a watchman atop a tower, alert to what is going on, awake to note signs of danger, faithful to point out the way of escape. It announces Jehovah's kingdom established by Christ's enthronement in heaven, feeds his kingdom joint-heirs with spiritual food, cheers men of good will with glorious prospects of eternal life in a paradise earth, comforts us with the resurrection promise for the dead.
It is not dogmatic, but has a confident ring in its voice, because it is based on God's Word. It does not privately interpret prophecy, but calls attention to physical facts, sets them alongside prophecy, and you see for yourself how well the two match, how accurately Jehovah interprets his own prophecy. In the interests of our salvation, it keeps sharp and faithful focus on Bible truth, and views religious news generally.
'Be watchful in these perilous times,' God admonishes. So keep on the watch by regularly reading "The Watchtower".
PUBLISHED BY THE WATCH TOWER BIBLE & TRACT SOCIETY
117 Adams Street
Brooklyn 1, N. Y., U. S. A.
N. H. KNORR, President
GRANT SUITER, Secretary
"They will all be taught by Jehovah."—John 6:45, NW; Isaiah 54:13
CONTENTS
Optimistic in the Face of Disaster 515
Animal Worship—Ancient and Modern 516
Maintaining Sanctity for Theocratic Warfare 519
Modern History of Jehovah's Witnesses
Part 17: Christian Neutrals During World War II 520
Blood Substitutes 523
What Do the Scriptures Say About "Survival After Death"? (Part 1) 524
The Nazis Bluffed, but Not the Witnesses 542
Questions from Readers 543
Abbreviations used in "The Watchtower" for the following Bible versions
AS - American Standard Version LXX - The Septuagint Version
AT - An American Translation Mo - James Moffatt's version
Da - J. N. Darby's version NW - New World Translation
Dy - Catholic Douay version Ro - J. B. Rotherham's version
ED - The Emphatic Diaglott RS - Revised Standard Version
Le - Isaac Leeser's version Yg - Robert Young's version
Unless otherwise indicated, the Bible used is the King James Version
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Optimistic in the Face of Disaster
SOME persons go through life with a carefree, happy-go-lucky frame of mind. Such usually are blithely oblivious of world conditions. Those who truly are aware of world conditions often are very apprehensive of the future.
Thus the New York Times, June 12, 1955, editorialized as follows: "We have now long lived in a kind of winter of the modern world. Fear has chilled the blood in our veins and, strangely enough, there has not been enough hate to warm it. This is actually not a period of tremendous struggle. It is, rather, a period of apprehension. This is so, and perhaps in the end will come to seem fortunately so, because the world can no longer afford to express its hate—because in bleak truth hate is now suicidal, hate has become the final chill of death." However, in view of mankind's past mistakes there is little comfort in the hope that it will avoid a certain course because it is suicidal.
Pertinent in this regard are the remarks that Dr. Krumm, Columbia University chaplain, made to 160 graduating seniors. He said he doubted that anyone with an eye to history could seriously be an optimist now and further claimed that the Bible asserts that the future is "wrapped in mystery." "We have the ability to make the earth uninhabitable. All that stands between us and that fate is the pathetic little store of wisdom and patience
and good-will that mankind and its leaders have been able to engender." According to him, the most serious casualty of this century is optimism.—New York Times, May 30,1955.
Optimism dead? Not so long as there are some 500,000, at least, who have faith in Jehovah's promises regarding the bright future in store for earth and mankind. Man make this earth uninhabitable? Not in view of the fact that God assures us that he "formed it to be inhabited," and that 'whatever he has purposed he will also do it.' The future wrapped in mystery? Not when God's Word plainly tells us that, in his due time, "the earth shall be full of the knowledge of Jehovah, as the waters cover the sea," and that he "will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be any more."—Isa. 45:18; 46:11; 11:9, AS; Rev. 21:4, NW.
One can be optimistic in spite of world conditions without closing his eyes to them and without blindly trusting in man's wisdom, patience and good will, if one understands the Creator's purposes and has faith in them. Nor is the realization of these purposes regarding earth and man in the distant future. On the contrary. After foretelling the conditions we now see Jesus said: "But as these things start to occur, raise yourselves erect and lift your heads up, because your deliverance is getting near."—Luke 21:28, NW. ANIMAL WORSHIP Ancient and Modern
THE scene is a street in ancient Egypt. An angry mob is seen
God's Word states that only Jehovah God is to be worshiped. To what extent has man violated this commandand that usually by an enraged mob. In time of famine humans were let
down the street to a certain house where a foreigner, a Roman citipast and in our day? This subject proves to be of more than mere academic interest.
zen, is staying, a guest of the king. The king hears of the forming of the mob and sends princes to try to dissuade the mob, but in vain. The maddened mob invades the house, lays hold on the Roman and literally tears him to pieces in frenzied rage.
What had the Roman done to merit this fate? What was his crime? He had accidentally killed an alley cat! Unbelievable? Preposterous? Not at all. Because of their
starve to death and even cannibalism was resorted to rather than to eat a sacred animal.
Why did such animal worship, which was not limited to the Egyptians, find its greatest prevalence among them? The teaching of metempsychosis, that at death a "soul" passes on to other creatures, no doubt accounted for much of it. Traditions and mythology also played a part as also did the fact that some animals served useful purposes, such as protection from insects or supplying of food and clothing
worship of the cat goddess Pasht, which was to the Egyptians what Artemis was to the Greeks and Diana to the Romans, every cat was sacred. When a cat died the whole household went into mourning and cats were given elaborate funerals.
The incident regarding the Roman was not unusual nor was the cat the only animal so worshiped. "The most repulsive thing in Egyptian religion was animal worship. To each deity some animal was sacred," and Egyptians excelled in the
Says the historian Rawlinson: "The worst form of this animal worship was the belief that a deity absolutely became incarnate in an individual animal, and so remained until the animal's death. Such were the Apis bulls." These animals "were perpetually adored and prayed to by thousands during their lives, and at their deaths were entombed with the utmost care in huge sarcophagi, while all Egypt went into mourning."
The real underlying cause of animal wor-
number of their deities. The cat, dog, cow bull, sheep, wolf, lion, kite, ibis, hawk, crocodile, hippopotamus, ichneumon, frog, eel snake and otter were all objects of worship Herodotus tells that a man deliberately killing a sacred animal was put to death; if accidentally, the priests stipulated a fine; but in the case of an ibis or a hawk, even an accidental killing was punished by death
ship, however, is given us by the apostle Paul: "Although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God nor did they thank him, but they became empty-headed in their reasonings and their unintelligent heart became darkened. Although asserting they were wise, they became foolish and turned the glory of the incorruptible God into something like the image of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed creatures and creeping things."—Rom. 1:21-23, NW.
Appreciating these conditions in ancient Egypt emphasizes the magnitude of Jehovah's victory in sending plagues upon the Egyptians and in delivering his people. It also explains why the Israelites so readily
Unable to kill useless and diseased cows, the government has resorted to segregation centers for such cows, but progress has been slow.
Illustrating the folly of such cow worship and the caste system is this: when an untouchable had used a well it had to be sanctified by having sacred cow manure thrown into it!
succumbed to calf worship and other forms of idolatry, such as their worship of the copper serpent Moses had made in the wilderness.—Ex. 32:24; 2 Ki.18:4.
ANIMAL WORSHIP IN INDIA TODAY
Even as Egypt excelled in animal worship in ancient times, so India does in modern times. There, until the new Indian government put a bounty on monkey heads, monkeys were eating $2 million worth of foodstuffs a day as well as destroying enormous amounts of grain annually. People starved, but not the monkeys, nor the pea-
WORSHIP OF PETS
In Western lands, such as the United States, animal worship takes the form of sentimentalizing over pets. In the past few years the public press has featured such items as: "Coloradan Buries Dog in Casket; Cost 1,000." "I've spent 200,000 in the last thirty-five years on my pets, but don't regret a cent of it," said the Coloradan Fred Schmitt. "Pastor Gives Eulogy at Rites for Blind Woman's Guide Dog. Author-Lecturer's Pet and Friend Buried in Silk-lined Coffin. A well-known
cocks, for they also were sacred. Snakes keep taking a toll of 50,000 lives annually because they are considered sacred.
On April 2,1955,the prime minister of India, Nehru,had to go to the extreme of threatening to resign to prevent the passage of a bill that would have made it illegal to kill cows,a bill presented by a member of his own Congress party. Reporting on this the New York Times,April 3,1955 further stated:
"The issue on the ban on cow slaughter is one that is alive almost all the time in
Oak Park minister, Dr. Carl S. Winters, spoke Friday at the funeral of her Seeing Eye dog." "Big Shot Alley Cat. Midgie Is Heir to a $9,000 House in Omaha." At the time of his death 74-year-old Putnam had only a middle-aged nurse and Midgie as companions. In his will he deeded the house to Midgie. His nurse would get the house upon the death of Midgie provided she carried out explicitly his instructions regarding feeding and caring for the cat!
And note also the appeal the American Feline So
many parts of the country. Almost every week in New Delhi small bands of religious Hindus parade through the streets carrying yellow banners demanding an end to the killing of cows. Millions of cows too old to be of any use wander through the streets nibbling at food in stalls. Many Hindus make a practice of keeping food to give to cows. Indian cows are among the poorest milk-producing strains in the world."
ganization that spends some $25,000 annually in popularizing the cat and in encouraging people to take care of stray cats, makes: "We need help urgently: More volunteers more memberships-more substantial contributions."
The society also "urges you to become a member or contributor, thus furthering the cause of catdom." Its president evinces a zeal and enthusiasm for his
surd. Only when man becomes degraded does he get down to the level of the brute. "Then I was stupid and knew nothing; a brute was I toward thee!" When King Nebuchadnezzar became insane he acted as a beast.—Ps. 73:22, AT.
Unreasoning animals were not made to live forever but to die. That is why the wicked are likened to them: "But these
cause that is definitely religious and therefore a form of animal worship.
And there are other worshipers of animals. Those who feel there must be a place in heaven for pets; those who are so concerned with the plight of lower animals that they are oblivious of God's requirements or the miseries of their fellow men. Included among such are many among the vegetarians and antivivisectionists. Their zeal resembles that of the ancient Egyptians.
THE BIBLE VIEWPOINT
men, like unreasoning animals born naturally to be caught and destroyed, will" suffer destruction. "Man that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that perish." The Bible holds out no resurrection or heavenly hope for the brute creation.2 Pet. 2:12,NW; Ps.49:20.
Man was made to worship, not himself, not his equals, and certainly not his inferiors, but only one, Jehovah God: "It is Jehovah your God you must worship, and it is to him alone you must render sacred service." Those lacking in heart devotion to their Creator will become sentimental
God gave man dominion over the lower animals. Animals were to be for man's benefit, not man for the animals'. But neither was man to abuse his charges the way some vivisectionists do, nor to destroy them for sport as many modern Nimrods do. "A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast." While man was yet in Eden God provided him with animal skins for clothing and after the Flood he gave man animal flesh for food.—Prov. 12:10.
The very organism of the lower animals, and especially their brains, is far inferior
about creatures and serve them. Such is a form of worship. Matt. 4:10, NW.
The fulfillment of such Bible prophecies as Matthew chapter 24 and 2 Timothy 3:1-5 shows we are living in the last days. All that really matters now is obeying Jehovah's commandment to 'seek Jehovah, righteousness and meekness,' and to help others to do so by preaching the "good news of the kingdom." Christians, while not abusing or needlessly destroying lower animals for sport, will put first things first.
to those of man. Animals do not have understanding, they cannot reason, do not have a moral sense, are unable to worship Jehovah—all of which makes the worship of them by man appear all the more ab-
They will give their hearts' devotion to their Creator Jehovah God and will 'keep on seeking first his kingdom and his righteousness.'—Zeph. 2:1-3; Matt. 24:14; 6:33, NW.
You must not bow down to another god, because Jehovah is exclusively devoted to his name. He is a God exacting exclusive devotion.—Ex. 34:14, NW. Maintaining Sanctity for Theocratic Warfare
THEOCRATIC means that which is in line with God rule. The wars being fought by the nations of the world today are not theocratic, for they are not fought by God's dedicated servants and are not fought at his commands nor according to his rules.*
However, the wars fought by the nation of Israel in times of old were theocratic. That nation owed its existence to God and was organized by him. He gave it its laws and commanded it when to fight and how. Their wars were not wars of conquest or revenge but wars of execution at Jehovah's commands. Because of these facts Jehovah repeatedly gave them the victory in the face of overwhelming odds.
Today, as Christian witnesses of Jehovah we are also engaged in warfare at God's commands and therefore in theocratic warfare. As 'the right kind of soldiers of Jesus Christ we are commanded to take part in suffering evil.' Distinct, however, from worldly nations, or even from Jehovah's servants of old, we do not use carnal weapons. No, not even at Armageddon will we do so. We will simply 'stand still, and see the salvation of Jehovah,' as Christ and his heavenly armies engage Satan and his forces in the final war. 2 Tim. 2:3, NW; 2 Chron. 20:17, AS.
As has ever been true of Christians, "the weapons of our warfare are not fleshly, but powerful by God for overturning strongly entrenched things." Clothed in the "complete suit of armor from God," we have as our only weapon of offense "the sword of the spirit, that is, God's word."—2 Cor. 10:4; Eph. 6:11, 17, NW.
In striking contrast with the way pagan soldiers conducted themselves in warfare,
the Israelite soldiers had to keep clean in every respect and to keep their camps clean. Because sex relations made one ceremonially unclean according to the law of Moses, the Israelite soldiers could not have sex relations even with their own wives or concubines while engaged in theocratic warfare. The presence of the priests at the front who blew the silver trumpets that gave the signal for the attack, although they themselves took no part in the actual fighting, further emphasized the sanctity of theocratic warfare back there.
As Christian warriors we today must likewise maintain sanctity for theocratic warfare. Having a sanctified position before God by reason of Christ's sacrifice we must keep clean physically, morally and spiritually. We may not use the fact of our being in theocratic warfare as an excuse for loose conduct. We may not imitate the crusaders of the Dark Ages who justified all manner of loose conduct on the basis of their being engaged in a "holy cause." As soldiers in Jehovah's cause we must prove to be holy, for he is holy.
Our warfare being for Jehovah's glory and vindication, it is a holy warfare, a sacred obligation, a sanctified duty. Satan's system of things being unclean, we may not touch any part of it, and especially must we be careful not to be swerved aside from our holy warfare in time of the wars of the nations of the world, regardless of how religious and worthy these may seem to be in the eyes of the world, as in the case of the war against godless communism. By keeping our camp clean, by living holily, by maintaining sanctity, Jehovah will always accompany us, assuring us of victory and entrance into his new world of righteousness.
MODERN HISTORY of Jehovah's Witnesses
Part 17 CHRISTIAN NEUTRALS DURING WORLD WAR II
EHOVAH'S Christ, Jesus, was neutral as to the political wrangles of the old world of his day. (John 18:36; Rev. 11:15) Jesus' apostles likewise were neutrals. In fact, the early Christians became persecuted for their failure to serve in the imperial armies of Rome. The principle of neutrality for his followers, as to the nations of the world, is well announced by Jesus in John 17:16 (NW): "They are no part of the world just as I am no part of the world." In our time this principle was specially tested during World War II.
September 1, 1939, when German troops aggressively moved into Poland, the spark was set off for the second world war. On September 3, 1939, Great Britain declared war on Germany, similarly France, and soon all Europe found itself again in a state of war. After Poland's quick subjugation there followed months of stagnation as to fighting, which many called a "phoney" war. But in the spring of 1940, on April 9, the Nazi offensive began and moved rapidly to occupy Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg. Then by quick maneuvers France was forced to sign an armistice June 22, 1940. The retreat of British military forces across the English Channel from Dunkirk, France, by June 4, 1940, had made Britain an island of democracy in a sea of totalitarianism, with the United States remaining on the side lines uncommitted by war.a This left Britain alone to face the war-expanded giant
of Catholic-Fascist-Nazi Europe. The peoples of Switzerland and Sweden likewise remained as islands in the center of the Fascist sea, with Jehovah's witnesses maintaining spiritually nourishing contacts through zealous underground activity in the occupied countries.
As the Nazi-Fascist-Vatican three-wheel steamroller rampaged throughout Europe in 1940, branch office after branch office of the Watch Tower Society was forced to close down. Connections with the Brooklyn headquarters were severed. The Germans banned the witnesses in country after country even as they first had done in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. The flood of Catholic-inspired action swamping in upon Jehovah's witnesses since 1922 (as foretold at Revelation 12:15,16) now became overwhelming and seemed about to engulf them totally, to a complete stop. What course would the thousands of witnesses on the continent of Europe take? In a timely maneuver The Watchtower of November 1, 1939, published a full scriptural study of "Neutrality," which enabled all its readers in western Europe to receive strengthening counsel before the following spring's collapse of democracies there. So it was the apostolic course of neutrality that the witnesses were ready to follow in the hard times now setting in under German occupation.
Everywhere the witnesses followed the tried course of their German brothers who then already for six years had become schooled in efficient underground activity to maintain a measure of spiritual freedom.
As the days went on, this meant that many of the non-German witnesses were arrested by the Nazi Gestapo (SS or secret police), who sent them away to German concentration camps. In time the various shamefully famous concentration camps, such as Buchenwald, Ravensbrück, Sachsen-
appearance. Children were taken away from Jehovah's witnesses to be adopted into Nazi homes. But many of those Christian-trained youngsters refused to enter the Hitler youth movements when forced. In spite of Hitler's dragnet attempts from 1933 to 1945, he was able to imprison or banish only about half the witnesses at any one given time. This
hausen, Dachau, Belsen and others, became international assembly places of Jehovah's witnesses of Germany and of captives brought from Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Norway and other countries. Among them the art of spiritual communication through smuggled-in Watchtower copies had already become highly developed by the German brothers, who now could lovingly render inside aid to their non-German companions in camps and prisons. This international family relationship of witnesses suffering adversity together kept them
meant that about ten thousand were incarcerated while equal thousands were free on the outside to maintain underground activity. Funerals would be taken as opportunities for large public gatherings together of the witnesses still free to hear Bible talks and have a short season of fellowship. Small secret gatherings would be held at night or out in the forests. Providentially, portions of the latest spiritual food published in the American Watchtower magazine would reach them in mimeographed form to build them up to press on against mountainlike opposition. c
spiritually awake to plan for expanded activities of theocratic worship when days of deliverance would come.
Much has been printed of the harrowing experiences of the witnesses in Hitler's "Greater Germany," where they have become a modern marvel of faith, courage and fortitude. But for this historical record only certain outstanding items are being included. b For the witnesses who refused to undertake military service lengthy sentences in prisons were rendered and banishment to concentration camps. Likewise
Inside the camps a standard procedure on the part of the SS officers in charge was to try to get the witnesses to sign the following "Declaration" on promise to give them their freedom:
"I recognized that the International S of Bible Students spreads out a doctri error, pursuing aims dangerous for the state, hidden behind religious actions. I therefore turned off totally from this organization and freed myself completely from their
refusal by men and women to "Heil Hitler" was considered an act against the state, bringing harsh sentences. To have in one's possession any of the Society's publications meant sure detention. Some of the "evil slave" class, who turned against the Society in earlier years, betrayed the faithful into the hands of the police for summary dis-
doctrine.
I assure by this never again to be active for the International Bible Students Society. I promise to deliver immediately every person communicating this doctrine of error in my presence or showing a tendency as a Bible student in some other way. I shall bring all Scriptures of the Bible students handed over to me to the nearest office of police. In future times I shall respect all the laws of the state to be completely a member of the community of the people. I, too, have been taught to expect my repeated arrest, in case of violating my declaration given today."d
Needless to add, very few witnesses signed this total abdication of association with Jehovah's theocratic New World society. Signing such a statement would be tantamount to committing spiritual suicide.
Now for some evidence as to the preaching activities and results inside these vast concentration camps made up of thousands of political prisoners and other maladjusted ones held inimical to the Hitler government. Note the following report:
"The happenings at the Ravensbrück women's camp show the vile practices carried out against Jehovah's witnesses by the Catholic SS troops. In this women's camp alone there were 50 Polish women in the truth, 15 Ukrainians, 10 Czechs, 10 Hungarians, 25 Hollanders, 2 Belgians, 500 Germans, and 300 young Russian Jonadabs that learned of the truth in the camp itself. Here nearly one thousand Christian women went through the tortures of a Catholic 'purgatory.' . . . Roll was called at five o'clock in the morning. . . . During the day these women were forced to do hard labor: digging foundations for buildings, constructing roads, carrying coal, handling heavy trunks and boxes in the luggage department, building barracks, and performing many other tasks too heavy for underfed, underclothed and badly-treated people. Because 495 of Jehovah's witnesses refused to make ammunition cases, they were sentenced to eight weeks in dark arrest (meaning confinement in a cell without windows)."e
Mademoiselle Genevieve de Gaulle of France, herself a nontheocratic inmate of Ravensbrück, supplies the following testimony:
"I am very glad to be able to convey to you my testimony regarding the Bible Students whom I met in the Ravensbrück camp. Indeed, I have true admiration for them. They belonged to various nationalities: German, Polish, Russian and Czech, and have endured very great sufferings for their beliefs. The first arrests began ten years ago, and the majority of those who had been brought into the camp at that time died from the bad treatment inflicted upon them, or were executed. I knew, however, some survivors of that time and other prisoners who had arrived more recently; all of them showed very great courage and their attitude commanded eventually even the respect of the SS. They could have been immediately freed if they had renounced their faith. But, on the contrary, they did not cease resistance, even succeeding in introducing books and tracts into the camp, which writings caused several among them to be hanged."f
Truly the faith in their God Jehovah and integrity toward him on the part of this international band of witnesses in maintaining neutrality against Hitler's Catholic Inquisition-like regime has become worldrenowned.
During all this storm of Fascist war what was happening to the witnesses in Britain? They too were zealous in following a strict course of neutrality. At the commencement of the war Jehovah's witnesses were in the news in Britain due to the wide distribution and discussion of the White Paper (Germany No.2) issued October 30,1939, entitled "Treatment of German Nationals in Germany," where the terrible experiences of Jehovah's witnesses in Germany were officially publicized to the world. The facts presented in this White Paper were based on a report compiled by Sir Neville Henderson, British ambassador in Berlin up to the declaration of war September 3,1939. We quote from this White Paper:
"There were 1,500 Jews and 800 Ernste Bibelforscher [International Bible Students]. . . Each man wore a badge—Jews yellow with the star of David, Bible Students violet, etc. . .
Jewish prisoners wrote and received letters twice a month. The Bible Students were allowed no communication with the outside world, but, on the other hand, their rations were not cut down. Herr X spoke with the highest respect of these men. Their courage and religious faith were remarkable, and they professed themselves ready to suffer to the uttermost what they felt God had ordained for them. . . The 'Bibelforscher,' a religious sect taking its doctrine from the Bible and having a considerable membership in every part of the country, but proscribed by the Gestapo since its members refuse military service; these unhappy people were almost as badly treated as the Jews."g
On November 15,1939,it became necessary for the Society's London office to issue the following statement to all members of Parliament, religious leaders, local officials and the press:
"Jehovah's witnesses, wherever they reside are loyal to the laws and customs of the countries, seeking to serve God, and are of goodwill to all men. If they are judged by men as
disloyal it is only when a human law is enacted which interposes a human instruction contrary to the Scriptures, or would give to a man the worship which belongs only to Almighty God. That the position of Jehovah's witnesses in relation to present events may be clear, a pamphlet republished from The Watchtower is enclosed. At the same time this makes plain the reason for their NEUTRALITY in all cases, and why they are unable to take part in anything military. On behalf of the thousands of Jehovah's witnesses in Britain we wish to make this position clear. As servants of the Most High God, our position is identical with that of our German brethren, namely, that of strict NEUTRALITY. Our devotion, service and loyalty are consecrated to Jehovah's THEOCRATIC GOVERNMENT, and according to John 17:16, 'They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.' "h
The statement also made reference to the British government White Paper's recognition that the German witnesses were persecuted, too, for failure to take up military service.
(To be continued)
h 1941 Yearbook, pp. 103-106.
BLOOD SUBSTITUTES
Nature's Own Blood Substitute? What may well turn out to be the most remarkable of all blood substitutes is coconut water. The Chicago Daily News, March 26, 1954, in reporting on "How Coconut Water Substitutes for Blood," said the following:
"A researcher reported Friday that water drawn from an ordinary coconut has been used as a blood substitute and body fluid replacement in humans. Dr. Ben Eiseman of Denver said the substance may be a cheap source of suitable fluid under emergency military conditions or where pure water solutions are unavailable. Writing in the Archives of Surgery, published by the American Medical Association, he said 21 persons have received a total of 26 intravenous infusions of coconut water without any serious reactions. The preliminary studies were carried out in Bangkok, Thailand, and in St. Louis. The water was obtained by withdrawing the fluid through a tube inserted in the eye of an unripened co
conut. This water was then filtered to drain off any particles of coconut meat.
"Tests showed the water was free from contamination and that its main ingredients were potassium, chloride, phosphate, sugars, magnesium, calcium and proteins. Dr. Eiseman said that while the present study was too limited to make definite conclusions, further study is warranted."
Lemon Pectin, a Blood Substitute
During World War II, a whitish, grainy powder was found in the emergency kits of German war prisoners who stated that they had been instructed to sprinkle it onto wounds to form a clot quickly. It turned out to be pectin made from lemons. American doctors began to experiment with it and a number of recoveries were attributed to it. Only because of the extensive use of blood plasma, now rejected by many governments because of its carrying the hepatitis virus, was lemon pectin discarded.
What do the SCRIPTURES say about "SURVIVAL after DEATH"? PART I
WE ARE O.K." "Don't grieve for us. We're the lucky ones. We've never been so happy as we are now." These were messages from the invisible, received during World War II. Yet they were not sorrowful messages, but seemingly messages to drive away grief and give comfort. From whom did such strange messages come? From men who died in the service of their country during that war! So averred the receiver of the messages in 1943, the retired Air Chief Marshal of Great Britain, Lord Dowding. He was wanting to spread good cheer to those who had lost friends and relatives in battle and to those who might yet die before the world conflict ended. Said he: "I have the largest number of messages from men who have passed over in this war. The fact I want to stress is that the tone of these messages is 'We are O.K.' and 'Don't grieve for us. We're the lucky ones. We've never been so happy as we are now.'" Lord Dowding continued: "There is a great organization of Air Force men on the other side and I receive frequent messages from them." He was thus reaffirming his belief in spiritualism by reading before a public audience in London a letter he believed was dictated by a dead seaman. The report of this was received from London, September 1, 1943, by cable to the New York
Times and published in its columns the following day, under the heading: "Dowding Says Dead Send Him Messages." Doubtless in the minds of many readers the questions were raised: Are those who die in war the lucky ones? Are we who survive the unlucky ones?
2 Somewhat over nine months later, at solemn mass in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York city, the following war prayer was offered by the Roman Catholic Father Thomas Lester Graham: "We pray these men making such heroic sacrifice for us will know we are walking with them every step on their way of the cross. We pray for their mothers, fathers, wives, sweethearts, that their burden may be lightened and that they may be reunited with their loved ones and never again separated by the disease of war. For those who have made the supreme sacrifice we pray that Almighty God may receive them into His kingdom as martyrs and grant peace to their souls." He urged prayer in church for "our martyr dead."—Reported by the New York Times the following day, Monday, June 12, 1944.
Both of these expressions, the message by the former commander of the British Royal Air Force and the prayer by the Catholic priest, were based on one belief held in common, "survival after death."
4 The common belief is that the human soul does not die but is deathless, deathproof, immortal; that since the human body is observed to die and crumble to dust, there must be some part of man that survives the death of the body and it must be an invisible, untouchable something called the "soul" or "spirit."
Since it is believed to survive the death of the body, it must be distinct from the perishable human body and must be separable from it. At the body's death it separates and, being invisible, it is no longer held down to inhabiting the human body but is free to move about in the invisible or spirit realm and to ascend to planes of life high above the earth. It enters into all the mysteries of the spirit world and so knows more than when it was hampered by the human body, and it will live in the unseen, immaterial world forever.
5 Religions of Christendom in general, including the Roman Catholic, hold that the soul and the spirit are many times used the one for the other. But spiritists make a distinction between the two terms: "In spiritualistic terminology 'SPIRIT' means the etheric body of an individual having all his characteristics. A clear distinction must be drawn and borne in mind between the terms 'SOUL' and 'SPIRIT.' The former is vague and intangible without any size or form while the latter is the exact counterpart of the physical portion of the individual."—Spiritualism in India—Theory and Practice, by V. D. Rishi, page 8, 2d edition of 1946.
8 Regardless of the distinctions drawn or not drawn between the terms
"soul" and "spirit," the believers in survival after death hold that the dead are not dead at all but are more alive than
ever, in a spirit world that we cannot see, the so-called "next world"; and we must not be deceived concerning survival after death by the visible death of the human body. Taken as a strong, unshakable proof of this is the widespreadness
and the ancientness of this belief. In recommendation of this belief Rishi, on page one of his above-mentioned book, says:
"The belief in the existence of the next world and the possibility of communication with the departed souls is to be found in almost all the sacred books of the East and West, Rig-Veda [or Veda of Verses] the oldest book contains reference about the Pitris [the departed forefathers; semidivine fathers and patriarchs]. In Mahabharata and Ramayana we read how the wives of the Kauravas [the 100 cousins of the Pandavas] had the pleasure of an interview with their departed husbands and how king Dasharath manifested himself after death to Sri Ramachandra. The Bible is full of references regarding survival after death and communion between the dead and the living. . .
To discredit all this testimony about survival after death is gross and rank materialism."
7 In all parts of the earth the belief in survival after death explains the conduct and acts of behavior of many persons, as when they set out food, flowers, incense or other gifts on little altars to saints or dead relatives, or as when, on September 3,1945,the Japanese emperor Hirohito, clad in ceremonial robes and attended by two younger brothers, worshiped at three sanctuaries in the Palace of Tokyo and personally "informed" the Imperial ancestors that Japan had lost the war.
New York Times.
Once the teaching of survival after death is accepted, a string of reasonable questions presents itself: Can we get in touch with the dead? Can we do anything for their benefit? Can they do us any good or harm? Can we get in touch with the "next world," or, Is there communication between the "two worlds"? Various religions answer these questions to agree with their other beliefs, but the religion known as "spiritualism" answers with a confident Yes. While some spiritualists claim that the Bible of Jews and Christians is based upon spiritualism or teaches and supports it, the spiritualists do not put their main dependence upon the Bible or other reputed sacred writings. They positively assert that the proof of the spirit world and of human survival after death is found in actual hearable, seeable, feelable manifestations from the spirit world and by numberless, regular cases of where the living get in touch with the dead and receive messages from identifiable dead persons. Rishi, on page 7 of his book, lists among the principles of spiritualism this: "The possibility of communication, by mediums between the visible and the invisible, namely, between the living and the dead," and then adds: "It will be worth while to bear in mind that the above principles are not based on any text, tradition, or institution, but upon observed facts and phenomena."
Spiritualists, sure of themselves, have willingly let their spiritistic manifestations be investigated and put to the test by hardheaded, materialistic scientists of the day. While much that has passed for spiritualism commercially had been exposed as a fraud, science has come away from many investigations baffled by the results of their foolproof tests. It has been obliged to agree that there are living, intelligent forces in the realm of the unseen. In an article entitled "They Never Come Back" by Lester David he quotes Hereward Carrington, director of the American Psychical Institute, as saying: "Despite the illusion, fraud and superstition which have unfortunately associated themselves with this subject, there are genuine psychic phenomena which are unexplained by modern science." In the following paragraph regarding appearings or apparitions of the dead Lester David says: "The American Society for Psychical Research once received 30,000 replies to a questionnaire it distributed on this phase. After studying the reports, it concluded: 'Between deaths and apparitions of the dying person a connection exists which is not due to chance alone. This we hold as a proven fact.'" Mechanix Illustrated, December, 1952, pages 166, 167.
10 As a result of its investigations modern science has discovered what it calls "ectoplasm," that is, human matter that streams forth from various parts of the spirit medium's body and that produces certain phenomena or takes certain shapes. Because it is protoplasm pushed out from the medium's body, Webster's dictionary defines ectoplasm as "exteriorized protoplasm." Marcus Bach, in his book They Have Found a Faith (1946), describes it on page 112: "The reason for concealing the medium .
. is because a red light is used during a materialization séance. Even a dim light interferes with the generation of the ectoplasm necessary in building spirit forms. The cabinet shields the medium during the time this force is being assembled and then, when complete, the form can stand the light rays long enough to be seen outside the cabinet by the sitters—from thirty seconds to three or four minutes. The medium entranced is also sometimes disturbing to the spectators. It is not a pleasingly aesthetic sight especially not during a materialization, for ectoplasm exudes from her mouth and body in the nature of gauzy, foggy, smokelike substance from which figures are formed by the spirit chemists."
11 Says Rishi (page 3 of his above-mentioned book):
"In Europe and America several scientists have made important discoveries in this science. Some persons are aware of the discovery of ectoplasm, a white snowy matter emanating from the body of the medium. However much the existence of this matter may be denied by ignorant persons and fraudulent people, it is weighed and analysed by great scientists." (Page 2) "The proof regarding survival after death has been mainly obtained through the inherent psychic power of a medium and hence the phenomena of mediumship have been recognized as the one basic factor of modern spiritualism. It is impossible to define or describe this power as it is not possible to define electricity or magnetism, although we all perceive their effects every day."
12 Mrs. Leonore Piper performed unexplainable things to make her one of the greatest mediums known. Researchers of psychic phenomena, including the American psychologist William James, Dr. Richard Hodgson, Sir Oliver Lodge, Dr. Walter Leaf and many others, made a study of Mrs. Piper for years. They even had detectives to shadow her to learn if she got her information by normal methods. In vain. They could find out nothing. Mrs. Piper would go into a deep trance and then start writing. She would impart information,
such as names, dates and facts of all kinds which she could not possibly learn by herself. William James wrote she knew things that she could not have acquired by the normal use of her eyes and ears and wits.
13 There are other evidences of secret or occult power, enabling ordinary persons to do things superhuman or ordinarily impossible for a human, that science is unable to explain or account for. In the practice of Voodooism (Vodun, as the Haitians call it) extraordinary feats have been performed. The French naturalist Descourtilz, for instance, awed by the manifestation of the occult, describes a woman who, under the seizure of her god, took a live coal in her hand without being burned. In the Gold Coast, Africa, the mediums are called woyei, and profess to act as mouthpieces of the gods and of the dead. There when a medium becomes seized by the occult power, it is said, "she speaks with a voice not her own, and greater than that of any human being." Under possession of the mysterious power, a medium will jiggle and shake in every limb and will remain on her feet in continual motion for hours. She will often perform feats of endurance that are impossible for ordinary humans.—Religion and Medicine of the Ga People by M. J. Field.
14 Medical science is at a loss to explain such a feat as reported in the New York Times under the date line "Bombay, India, Feb. 19, 1950 (United Press Dispatch)":
"Huge crowds saw a 45-year-old yogi, Swami [Master] Ramdasji, dug out alive today [Sunday] from an 'air-tight' cement crypt in which he had been 'buried' for eighty-seven hours [or three days fifteen hours] on a bed of nails. The mystic had been 'completely submerged' in water from 4 p.m. Saturday [Feb.18] until his release at 7:30 a.m. today [Sunday]. He climbed into the wooden coffin at 5 p.m. Wednesday [Feb.15]. He lay on a bed of nails and the sides of the coffin also had nails jagging into his flesh.
The coffin was sealed inside an 8-by-8-by-6-foot cement crypt. Ramdasji's disciples then sat by the crypt day and night chanting Vedic prayers while keeping a sacred fire burning. Saturday [Feb.18] his disciples bored a small hole into the crypt, pushed in a hose and immersed the air-starved Hindu in water. Thousands of spectators watched tensely as the disciples hacked the cement away with picks and lifted Ramdasji, still in a trance, onto a dais. The followers massaged Ramdasji's head, arms and body until he opened his eyes and smiled. Dr. Jal Rustom Vakil, a heart specialist, examined Ramdasji immediately. The doctor said Ramdasji's respiration was slow, but otherwise he was normal in every way."
According to medical science, such a feat would have killed an ordinary human within two or three hours.
15 Instances of fire walking, which have been observed in India and elsewhere, have generally been attributed to some occult influence or power, but science has been able to prove with some success that there is a trick about this, dependent upon ordinary laws of nature, thus removing this from the realm of the really occult. But the more science investigates the more it is faced with the evidences of a truly occult power, of invisible forces producing supernatural acts and happenings among men.
16 Whether superstitious or not, many people have a peculiar fascination for the occult, for powers with a hidden source, for happenings of a supernormal kind. There are also many sorrowful persons who crave to get in touch with dead loved ones. Naturally they are inclined to seek mediums who claim to be able to communicate with the dead, for the seeming comfort that this brings. Increasing numbers of persons are worried about the uncertainties of life or face great problems or are anxious about the outcome of political, commercial, sporting or other developments and desire some guidance for the future.
They look to some higher, hidden power unidentified though it may be, that promises to foretell the future and thus guide them, relieve them of fears, safeguard them from possible dangers or lead them to success. Hence there are many who do not ordinarily claim to be spiritualists or spiritists and who may be members of orthodox churches, yet who resort to spiritistic practices. In America, although some 131,100 profess to be spiritualists or members of spiritualist societies, yet there are far more who dabble with spiritism. An appeal to the spiritualistic or spiritistic has become
the fashion, not only of the grief-stricken, comfort-seeking ordinary man or woman or the superstitious theatrical people or the worried, success-seeking businessman, but also of high political circles, world-wide.
THE OCCULT IN POLITICAL CIRCLES
17 July 17, 1918, the date of Nicholas Romanoff's execution by the Bolsheviki, is not too long ago for us to remember the last of the Russian czars, Nicholas II. Of him The Encyclopedia Americana (volume 20, page 315) says: "His superstition was shown by his consultation of fortunetellers, spiritualists, mystics and charlats in his desire to secure a male heir, his first four children being all girls."
He is all too well known for his connections with the notorious Russian Monk Gregor Novikh, nicknamed "Rasputin," meaning "dissolute, profligate, libertine, licentious," because such he was. Rasputin came of a peasant family with an inherited gift of mesmerism. He started a new cult, in which dancing and debauchery were mixed in with mystical séances. He was introduced to the Russian Imperial Court, where for years he exercised a powerful influence with Nicholas II, who retained him in his court, even against the protest of others.
18 Today political science alone does not figure in running political government. Astrology does also. "Astrology" first meant the "science of the stars." Now it means the study of the stars to foretell human and earthly events by the aspect and position of the stars, as though stars exercised some hidden or occult influence upon the inhabitants of earth and upon the earth itself. Astrology was long ago practiced by the Chaldeans, the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Arabs and others. It developed from the belief in survival after death, and that the stars were notable humans who had been transported after death to the position of the stars and planets, from there to exercise their influence upon earthly affairs.
19 In the thirteenth century A.D. priests from India introduced astrology into the Siamese court life, since which time both kings and the common people have hesitated to make a move without first consulting their horoscope or the position of the planets with regard to the twelve signs of the zodiac. As his consultant each Siamese king appointed a royal astrologer, with a
rank of nobility. King Mongkut was the only monarch who refused the services of a royal astrologer. He was a noted astrologer himself and preferred to read his own horoscope. In 1932 the absolute monarchy over Siam was overthrown, but astrologers continued with even a firmer hold on political matters. Numerous legislators planned their political careers only after secretly consulting astrologers. From their own observations the Siamese say: "Politicians make the best astrologers, and astrologers become the most successful politicians." Due to spending so much time with the astrologers, such politicians develop the ability to read horoscopes. As a matter of course, by telling from the stars when to take up public activity, astrologers make a success in politics, so it is believed, and so it could be when practically all the people yield themselves to astrology. Astrology has a stronger grip on the Siamese or Thailanders than any science or religion.
20 Astrology exerts a power even on modern Western rulers, and that, too, in the matter of waging war. The January, 1952, issue of Mechanix Illustrated had this to say: "One of the most amazing, and least-known facts of World War II is that the Allies actually waged a counter-astrological warfare against Hitler. Knowing that the Nazi leader took his horoscope mighty seriously [while at the same time being a Roman Catholic], Britain established an agency known as the Psychological Research Bureau and placed at its head a noted astrologer, Louis de Wohl. Captain de Wohl plotted the horoscopes of Hitler and his chief aides, following as closely as possible the 'good' and 'bad' days. Britain thus knew at all times what Hitler's astrologers were telling him. It was the first time since the Thirty Years' War, De Wohl said later, that astrological warfare was waged." Not that this resort to astrology aided the Allies to win the war against the Nazis and Fascists and their axis partners, but that it shows the willingness, even by rulers who claim to be Christian, to consult the occult powers for selfish advantages.
It reminds one of the ancient Chaldean king, Nebuchadnezzar, when marching to conquest over Palestine six centuries before Christ. He came to a fork of the roads, one branch leading to Rabbah, capital of Ammon to the east, the other branch leading to Jerusalem, to the west. Says the Bible: "The king of Babylon stands at the parting of the ways, at the fork of the two roads, practicing divination; he shakes the arrows, he consults the teraphim, he inspects the liver. Into his right hand falls the lot marked 'Jerusalem,' calling for slaughter, for the shout of battle, for the planting of battering-rams against the gates, for the throwing up of mounds, for the building of a siege-wall." (Ezek. 21:19-22, AT) So Nebuchadnezzar marched against Jerusalem. It fell before him.
21 Americans now have on their silver dimes and on their postage stamps the slogan "In God we trust" but the prevalence of astrological fortunetellers and their present prosperity in America bespeak a disturbed and hesitating America. So John R. Saunders, at the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., has said. As the Associate Curator of Education at the American Museum of Natural History he said, in 1946: "In Washington 10,000 customers weekly consult the capital's astrologers. . . Some of our most prominent people have patronized fortune tellers of one kind or another. Evangeline Adams, the astrologer, made $50,000 a year. J. P. Morgan, Mrs. Leslie Carter, Mary Garden and Richard Harding Davis were among her clients. On a horoscope, the Duke of Windsor cancelled a trip, some years ago. Hitler [although a recognized Roman Catholic] kept at Berchtesgaden a teeming nest of fortune tellers. Mussolini, Napoleon, Hitler,
Julius Caesar, Alexander [the Great] each believed in and talked about his Star. It is still told in Washington how President Harding and his wife had a 'personal' seer forecast for them weekly at the White House." Fortunetelling, he continued, "flourishes now in Washington, D.C., where a number of our prominent legislators are reported to have their personal seers. One Congressman has his horoscope cast weekly at his office. By its dictates he votes for this bill, against that." The American Weekly, July 21, 1946.
22 There is a widespread reliance of politicians on psychometry or the finding out of certain facts or hidden knowledge about an object or its owners by contact with that object or by nearness to it. On October 19,1952,the New Haven (Connecticut) Register published this statement by its Fulton Oursler: "I have actually seen reports of psychometrists sent to key officials of our Government, and have been taken by wives of important lawmakers to séances."
23 Not altogether shocking, therefore, but quite to be expected comes the report of spiritism in the White House by the popular radio commentator Drew Pearson, in his column entitled "Washington Merry- Go-Round," published throughout the land. In newspaper editions of August 24, 1953, such as that of the Oregon Journal, columnist Pearson reported that a "renowned fortune teller" had been dropping in at the White House during that summer as well as spring equipped with a crystal ball, namely, Mrs. Jeanne Dixon. For ten years she had been telling the future for General Eisenhower's wife Mamie. So since Mamie moved into the White House, Mrs. Dixon has been called in at times to keep the first lady of the nation up to date on her future and she has even "done some crystalball gazing for the president, himself."
Mrs. Dixon said she could use three psychic mediums—the crystal ball, palmistry and astrology. She pointed to a starlike imprint on her own palm and explained it to be the mark of the "true psychic." However, her usual way is to touch the subject's fingertips and at the same time peer over her shoulder into the crystal ball. Mrs. Dixon refused to talk about the Eisenhowers or the rest of her clientele. Persons close to the White House, though, say she has amazed President Eisenhower by reading his golf scores in the crystal ball.
24 In the political field Mrs. Dixon forecast the partitioning of India, President Harry S. Truman's surprise victory over Thomas E. Dewey in 1948 and the Republican sweep in the presidential campaign in 1952 putting General Eisenhower into the White House. A real estate broker by profession, Mrs. Dixon does not charge for her psychic service. She takes no credit to herself for her occult powers, but says: "The Bible says that all events are foreshadowed. I am just the means of communication." The published report of the invasion of the presidential White House by spiritism by means of this psychic has never been disputed, denied or disproved.
25 Now cross America's northern border into Canada. There, too, spiritism has made inroads into the prime ministry. It was not generally known that the late W. L. MacKenzie King, one-time prime minister of Canada, was a secret spiritualist, although till his death July 22,1950,a member of the Presbyterian church like President Eisenhower. In a biography of King entitled "The Incredible Canadian" by Bruce Hutchison (1953), the author lays open King's deep spiritualistic convictions. Even as prime minister of Canada King consulted spirit mediums, and felt sure of "direct communion with the dead." He approached every problem, personal
and political, dominated by his belief in human immortality as taught by religion in general and now apparently confirmed by spirit mediumship. As he neared death, he patronized mediumship, especially over in England, to consult the dead. At a séance a year after President Franklin D. Roosevelt had died, King made contact with the dead Roosevelt by a medium and was told to stay in political office and that Canada and the world could not yet spare him. But at his frequent séances King would not consult the spirits on the affairs of government and told the mediums that he preferred to decide government matters for himself. Yet his handling of political matters could not but be influenced by his private spiritualistic convictions. By his seeming contact with the dead he increasingly convinced himself by such kind of proof that his earthly journey was nearing its end but his real journey was only beginning and then he in his real self would be free to take on his true shape. When he died, says author Hutchison, King "had completed one pilgrimage to begin, as he believed, a second."—Pages 86-88, 423, 424, 450.
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